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Y2 Anatomy > Lower limb II > Flashcards

Lower limb II Flashcards

1
Q

What are the muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg

A

Tibialis anterior
Extensor digitorum longus
Extensor hallicus longus
Fibularis tertius

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2
Q

Name A-G

A

A- tibialis anterior
B- extensor digitorum longus
C- extensor hallicus longus
D- superior extensor retinaculum
E- lateral malleolus
F- Inferior extensor retinaculum
G- Medial malleolus

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3
Q

Function of tibialis anterior

A

Dorsiflexion of the ankle
Inversion of foot

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4
Q

Function of extensor digitorum longus

A

Extension of the 4 phalanges
Dorsiflexion of the ankle

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5
Q

Function of extensor hallicus longus

A

Extension of the 1st phalanx
Dorsiflexion of the ankle

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6
Q

Function of fibularis tertius

A

Dorsiflexion of the ankle
aids in eversion of the foot

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7
Q

Innervation of tibialis anterior

A

Deep fibular nerve L4-L5

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8
Q

Innervation of extensor digitorum longus

A

Deep fibular nerve L4-L5

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9
Q

Innervation of extensor hallicus longus

A

Deep fibular nerve L4-L5

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10
Q

Innervation of fibularis tertius

A

Deep fibular nerve L4-L5

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11
Q

Where does extensor digitorum longus insert into

A

Middle and distal phalanges of the lateral 4 digits

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12
Q

Where does extensor hallicus longus insert into

A

Base of distal phalanx of toe

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13
Q

Which anterior muscles of the leg origin from the lateral condyle of tibia

A

Tibialis anterior
Extensor digitorum longus

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14
Q

Where does tibialis anterior insert into

A

medial cuneform and base of 1st metatarsal

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15
Q

Where does fibularis tertius insert into

A

dorsum of base of 5th metatarsal

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16
Q

What causes foot drop

A

Damage to common fibular nerve
Anterior leg is innervated by deep fibular nerve and it is responsible for dorsiflexion of foot hence damage to common fibular nerve -> unopposed plantar flexion of foot

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17
Q

What are the muscles in the lateral leg compartment

A

fibularis longus
fibularis brevis

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18
Q

Name A-F

A

A- Head of fibula
B- Fibularis longus
C- Extensor digitorum longus
D- Tibialis anterior
E- Fibularis tertius
F- FIbularis brevis

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19
Q

Function of fibularis longus

A

everts foot
weakly plantarflexes ankle

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20
Q

Function of fibularis brevis

A

everts foot
weakly plantarflexes ankle

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21
Q

Innervation of fibularis longus

A

Superficial fibular nerve L5-S2

22
Q

Innervation of fibularis brevis

A

Superficial fibular nerve L5-S2

23
Q

Where does fibularis longus origin from

A

Head of fibula

24
Q

Where does fibularis brevis origin from

A

inferior 2/3 of lateral surface of fibula

24
Q

Where does fibularis longus insert into

A

base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform (plantar surface)

25
Q

Where does fibularis brevis insert into

A

lateral side of base of 5th metatarsal

26
Q

What are the superficial muscles of posterior leg compartment

A

Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Plantaris

27
Q

Name A-E

A

A- lateral head of gastrocnemius
B- medial head of gastrocnemius
C- Plantaris
D- Soleus
E- Achilles tendon

28
Q

Function of gastrocnemius

A

Plantarflexion of ankle
Raises heel during walking

29
Q

Function of soleus

A

Plantarflexion of ankle

30
Q

Function of plantaris

A

Plantarflexion of ankle

31
Q

Innervation of gastrocnemius

A

Tibial nerve

32
Q

Innervation of soleus

A

Tibial nerve

33
Q

Innervation of plantaris

A

Tibial nerve

34
Q

Where do the superficial muscles of posterior leg compartment insert into

A

Achilles tendon -> posterior surface of calcaneus

35
Q

What are the muscles of the deep posterior compartment of leg

A

Popliteus
Flexor hallicus longus
Flexor digitorum longus
Tibialis posterior

36
Q

Function of popliteus

A

Flexion of leg - unlocks the knee joint allowing flexion

37
Q

Function of flexor hallicus longus

A

Flexion of great toe at all joints
Plantarflexion of foot

38
Q

Function of flexor digitorum longus

A

Flexion of the lateral 4 digits
Plantarflexion of foot

39
Q

Function of tibialis posterior

A

Plantarflexion of foot
Inversion of foot

40
Q

Name A-F

A

A- popliteal
B- fibularis longus
C- tibialis posterior
D- flexor digitorum longus
E- Flexor hallicus longus
F- fibularis brevis

41
Q

Innervation of deep muscles of the posterior compartment of leg

A

Tibial nerve

42
Q

Name A-B

A

A- flexor digitorum longus
B- Flexor hallicus longus

43
Q

Why is the medial meniscus more prone to tearing

A

Because it is attached to the medial collateral ligament

44
Q

What is the unhappy triad

A

Injury of
- medial meniscus
- anterior cruciate ligament
- medial collateral ligamnet

45
Q

Function of anterior cruciate ligament

A

Resist internal rotation of tibia and anterior subluxation of tibia

46
Q

Mechanism of injury of anterior cruciate ligament

A

Twisting mechanism - turning the upper body laterally on a planted foot

47
Q

Function of posterior cruciate ligament

A

Prevent hyperextension of the leg and posterior subluxation of the tibia

48
Q

Mechanism of injury of posterior cruciate ligament

A

direct blow to anterior tibia - dashboard injury

Usually occurs with other injuries

49
Q

How does the anterior cruciate ligament attach

A

at the anterior intercondylar region of the tibia ascend posteriorly to attach to the lateral femoral condyle

50
Q

How does the posterior cruciate ligament attach

A

At the posterior intercondylar region of tibia ascend anteriorly to attach to medial femoral condyle

51
Q

Injury mechanism of meniscal tear

A

twisting force on a loaded knee

Y2 Anatomy (10 decks)

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