Upper limb fractures

Question 1

Who are wrist fractures seen in?

Answer 1

2 groups

• young, active
• old, osteoporotic

Question 2

What is the most common fracture?

Answer 2

Wrist

Question 3

What are some types of wrist fractures?

Answer 3

Colles
Smith's
Barton
Chauffeur's
Greenstick

Question 4

What is a colles fracture?

Answer 4

Distal radius fracture with dorsal displacement of fragents

Dinner fork deformity

Question 5

What is a Smith’s fracture?

Answer 5

Distal radius fracture with volar displacement of fragments

Question 6

What is a Barton fracture?

Answer 6

Fracture dislocation of radiocarpal joint

Caused by shearing force

Question 7

What is a Chauffeur’s fracture?

Answer 7

Isolated fracture of radial styloid process

Question 8

Who is a greenstick fracture seen in?

Answer 8

Children

Question 9

What is the typical history in Colles fracture?

Answer 9

Fall onto outstretched hand

Question 10

What is th typical history of a Smith’s fracture?

Answer 10

fall onto fully flexed hand

Question 11

How are motor nerve examined in wrist fracture?

Answer 11

Median= squeeze finers
Ulnar= finger spread
radial= finger extension
Ant interosseus= thumb up and down

Question 12

How are sensory nerves examined in wrist fracture?

Answer 12

Mediam= index
Ulnar= pinkie
Radial= dorsum

Question 13

What is the management of wrist fracture?

Answer 13

Conservative- reduction and casting

Operative- percutaneous wires, ORIF

Question 14

What are the indications for surgical management of wrist fracture?

Answer 14

Unstable
Extension into radoiocarpal joint
Loss of radial height or volar tilt

Question 15

What is the most common fracture of carpus?

Answer 15

Scaphoid

Question 16

Who typically gets scaphoid fractures?

Answer 16

20-30yo men

Question 17

What is the common location of scaphoid fractures?

Answer 17

Waist of scaphoid

Question 18

What is the classic presentation of scaphoid fracture?

Answer 18

Fall onto outstretched hand

Localised ain and tenderness in anatomical snuffbox

Question 19

What is the investigation of suspected scaphoid fracture?

Answer 19

XR- ask specifically for scaphoid

Question 20

What is the management of scaphoid fracture?

Answer 20

Cast immobilisation 6-8 weeks

Question 21

What are some complications of scaphoid fracture?

Answer 21

Non union

Avascular necrosis - blood supply to distal associated w waist of scaphoid

Question 22

What causes proximal humerus fractures?

Answer 22

Fall onto outstretch arm with osteoporosis

Trauma- sports, RTA

Question 23

What causes distal humerus fractures?

Answer 23

Physical trauma to elbow

Question 24

What is the management f humeral fracture?

Answer 24

Normally conservatice- cast/sling

Question 25

What is a complication of humerus fracture?

Answer 25

Axillary nerve injury, esp humeral neck

Question 26

Who are radial head fractures seen in?

Answer 26

Young adults

Question 27

What normally causes radial head fractures?

Answer 27

Fall onto outstretch hand

Question 28

What is the presentation of radial head fractures?

Answer 28

Marked local tenderness over head of radius Impaired movement at elbow Pain and impairment of pronation and supination