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Ortho AM > Upper limb fractures > Flashcards

Upper limb fractures Flashcards

1
Q

Who are wrist fractures seen in?

A

2 groups

  • young, active
  • old, osteoporotic
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2
Q

What is the most common fracture?

A

Wrist

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3
Q

What are some types of wrist fractures?

A 
Colles
Smith's
Barton
Chauffeur's
Greenstick
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4
Q

What is a colles fracture?

A

Distal radius fracture with dorsal displacement of fragents

Dinner fork deformity

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5
Q

What is a Smith’s fracture?

A

Distal radius fracture with volar displacement of fragments

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6
Q

What is a Barton fracture?

A

Fracture dislocation of radiocarpal joint

Caused by shearing force

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7
Q

What is a Chauffeur’s fracture?

A

Isolated fracture of radial styloid process

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8
Q

Who is a greenstick fracture seen in?

A

Children

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9
Q

What is the typical history in Colles fracture?

A

Fall onto outstretched hand

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10
Q

What is th typical history of a Smith’s fracture?

A

fall onto fully flexed hand

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11
Q

How are motor nerve examined in wrist fracture?

A

Median= squeeze finers
Ulnar= finger spread
radial= finger extension
Ant interosseus= thumb up and down

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12
Q

How are sensory nerves examined in wrist fracture?

A 
Mediam= index
Ulnar= pinkie
Radial= dorsum
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13
Q

What is the management of wrist fracture?

A

Conservative- reduction and casting

Operative- percutaneous wires, ORIF

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14
Q

What are the indications for surgical management of wrist fracture?

A

Unstable
Extension into radoiocarpal joint
Loss of radial height or volar tilt

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15
Q

What is the most common fracture of carpus?

A

Scaphoid

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16
Q

Who typically gets scaphoid fractures?

A

20-30yo men

17
Q

What is the common location of scaphoid fractures?

A

Waist of scaphoid

18
Q

What is the classic presentation of scaphoid fracture?

A

Fall onto outstretched hand

Localised ain and tenderness in anatomical snuffbox

19
Q

What is the investigation of suspected scaphoid fracture?

A

XR- ask specifically for scaphoid

20
Q

What is the management of scaphoid fracture?

A

Cast immobilisation 6-8 weeks

21
Q

What are some complications of scaphoid fracture?

A

Non union

Avascular necrosis - blood supply to distal associated w waist of scaphoid

22
Q

What causes proximal humerus fractures?

A

Fall onto outstretch arm with osteoporosis

Trauma- sports, RTA

23
Q

What causes distal humerus fractures?

A

Physical trauma to elbow

24
Q

What is the management f humeral fracture?

A

Normally conservatice- cast/sling

25
Q

What is a complication of humerus fracture?

A

Axillary nerve injury, esp humeral neck

26
Q

Who are radial head fractures seen in?

A

Young adults

27
Q

What normally causes radial head fractures?

A

Fall onto outstretch hand

28
Q

What is the presentation of radial head fractures?

A

Marked local tenderness over head of radius
Impaired movement at elbow
Pain and impairment of pronation and supination

Ortho AM (23 decks)

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