Upper Limb Clinical Conditions Flashcards
what happens to clavicle in AC joint dislocation?
clavicle will be prominent sticking out along the shoulder
do shoulder or hip dislocations require more energy?
hip
what is most common direction for shoulder dislocation?
anterior
what position is arm in for anterior shoulder dislocation?
abducted and externally rotated
name two ways posterior shoulder dislocations can occur
trauma, seizures
what nerve is most commonly injured with shoulder dislocations?
axillary nerve
what does anterior shoulder dislocation look like clinically?
lengthened humerus, squaring of shoulder contour
how do we get winged scapula?
long thoracic nerve damage…
what usually causes winged scapula?
iatrogenic or trauma to long thoracic nerve
what is adhesive capsulitis?
painful loss of shoulder motion
what are three common causes of adhesiv capsulitis?
diabetes, breast/lung surgery, extended use of sling
what is the physical finding of adhesive capsulitis?
loss of motion of shoulder specifically external rotation
what is a very common cause of shoulder pain that is associated with the rotator cuff?
subacromial bursitis
what can occur with subacromial bursitis?
calcific teninitis
what muscle is most commonly affected with calcific tendinitis from subacromial bursitis?
supraspinatus
what fracture can lead to radial nerve damage?
mid humeral shaft
what does radial nerve damage lead to?
wrist drop
what is most common issue with median nerve?
carpal tunnel syndrome
in carpal tunnel what fingers have diminished sensations?
thumb and first two digits
why does carpal tunnel get worse at night?
flexion causes more issues with carpal tunnel and normal night time position is wrist flexion
cubital tunnel syndrome is a compression of what nerve?
ulnar
what is symptom of cubital tunnel syndrome?
tingling or numbness in ring and small finger
when can cubital tunnel syndrome be worse?
at night because of elbox flexion
how does supracondylar fracture happen?
fall on an outstretched hand
what is a common pediatric fracture of the arm
supracondylar fracture of humerus
what is an issue with supracondylar fracture?
Volkmann Ischemic Contracture
what is Volkmann Ischemic Contracture?
muscle necrosis of the forearm flexors
name the four Ps of Volkmann Ischemic Contracture
pain
parasthesias
pallor
pulselessness
what is another name for distal radius fracture?
colles fracture
what part of radius is commonly fractured?
distal radius
what is the common finding for scaphoid bone fracture?
tenderness in the anatomical snuff box
what is a complication that can occur with scaphoid fracture?
tenuous blood supply leads to avascular necrosis
lateral epicoondylitis is associated with what sport?
tennis
medial epicoondylitis is associated with what sport?
golf
what motions hurt in lateral epicondylitis?
wrist/finger extension
what motions hurt in medial epicondylitis?
flexors of wrist
which of lateral and medial epicondylitis is more common?
lateral by far
where does trigger finger occur?
in the annular ligaments of the flexor sheath…tendons inflamed and get stuck in the annular ligaments
dequervians tenosynovitis is inflammation of what two tendons?
APL and EPB
where does pain occur with dequervians tenosynovitis?
radial sided wrist pain
what can you do to elicit pain in dequervians tenosynovitis?
ask patient to flex thumb then push toward ulnar side
what are two common causes of dequervians tenosynovitis?
repetitive use and post partum
what joints in fingers does osteoarthritis generally affect?
distal joints of the fingers
