Lower Limb Pathology Flashcards
posterior hip dislocation leads to what positional change of the leg?
shortened and internally rotated
what two things to check with a posterior hip dislocation?
sciatic nerve fxn
blood supply to femur
what is the femur head at risk for following injury?
osteonecrosis after trauma
what is the main supply of blood to the femoral head?
profunda branch of medial circumflex
where is the intracapsular hip fracture located?
femoral neck
where is the extracapsular hip fracture located?
intertrochanteric
how does leg position change with hip fracture?
shortened and externally rotated
what hip fracture has greatest risk of osteonecrosis, an femoral neck fracture or intertrochanteric fracture?
femoral neck fracture
articular pain of the hip usually shows up where according to patient?
typically anterior/groin
trochanteric pain of the hip usually shows up where according to patient?
typically laterally
low back pain that is hip issue usually shows up where according to patient?
often bilateral
what is trochanteric bursitis?
tenderness pain with activity over the greater trochanter
trochanteric bursitis will lead to pain where?
lateral pain
anterior hip pain is likely to be what three things?
RA
osteoarthritis
osteonecrosis
is articular or bursitis pain more tender?
bursitis pain
is limited range of motion with hip more common in bursitis or articular issue?
articular issue
what nerve can be hit with a cardiac cath? what does this lead to?
femoral nerve…quad deficit
what is the trendelenburg sign?
pelvic sag away from affected side
what nerve is messed up with trendelenburg sign?
superior gluteal nerve
what muscles are messed up with trendelenburg sign?
gluteus medius and minimus
what is the classic cause of trendelenburg gait?
polio
femoral shaft fractures are common or uncommon?
uncommon
what causes femoral shaft fracture?
usually high velocity
if there is an effusion at the knee is a joint or bursitis issue?
joint issue leads to effusions
if there is focal tenderness at knee is it more likely to be a bursitis or articular issue?
bursitis
ROM is normal with bursitis or articular issues?
bursitis
what are two common sites for bursitis in knee?
prepatellar bursitis
pes anserinus bursitis
collateral ligament injuries of knee can be noncontact, direct blow or both?
both
what is common movement that causes ACL injury?
cutting on planted foot
what is the sign for ACL tear?
positive anterior drawer sign
knee dislocations can damage what nerve and what artery?
peroneal nerve and popliteal artery
what two things should you be suspicious for with knee dislocation?
vascular and neurologic injuries
what usually causes knee dislocation?
high velo accidents
meniscal injuries have poor or good healing?
poor because low blood flow
are meniscal injuries acute or chronic?
both
what are the symptoms of a meniscal injury?
mechanicla symptoms like knee locking/catching
can have an effusion
how do you break patellar bone?
direct blow from fall
what can you not do following patellar fracture?
inability to extend knee and have normal force with quads
what do you have risk of with high energy tibial fractures?
compartment syndrome
name five Ps of compartment syndrome
pain pallor paresthesias pulselessness paralysis
what ligament in ankle is usually issue in sprain?
anterior talofibular ligament
a medial sided ankle sprain commonly includes what ligament?
deltoid ligament
high ankle sprain is injury to what?
syndesmotic injury…interosseus between tibfib
what is charcot foot associated with?
neuropathy of diabetics
what are changes seen in chracot foot?
repetitive multitruma due to altered sensation in foot
where do ankle fractures commonly occur?
lateral or medial malleolus
talus fracture is not good because…
tenuous blood supply so risk of avascular necrosis
what is typical motion that leads to talus fracture?
forced dorsiflexion
great toe pain most common causes are what two things?
Gout and hallux rigidis
hallux rigidis is what?
osteoarthritis of the big toe
is gout pain or hallux rigidis pain more activity related?
hallux rigidis
is gout pain or hallux rigidis pain more episodic?
gout
is gout pain or hallux rigidis pain more severe?
gout pain
