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MSK Week 3 > Lower Limb Pathology > Flashcards

Lower Limb Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

posterior hip dislocation leads to what positional change of the leg?

A

shortened and internally rotated

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2
Q

what two things to check with a posterior hip dislocation?

A

sciatic nerve fxn

blood supply to femur

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3
Q

what is the femur head at risk for following injury?

A

osteonecrosis after trauma

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4
Q

what is the main supply of blood to the femoral head?

A

profunda branch of medial circumflex

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5
Q

where is the intracapsular hip fracture located?

A

femoral neck

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6
Q

where is the extracapsular hip fracture located?

A

intertrochanteric

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7
Q

how does leg position change with hip fracture?

A

shortened and externally rotated

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8
Q

what hip fracture has greatest risk of osteonecrosis, an femoral neck fracture or intertrochanteric fracture?

A

femoral neck fracture

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9
Q

articular pain of the hip usually shows up where according to patient?

A

typically anterior/groin

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10
Q

trochanteric pain of the hip usually shows up where according to patient?

A

typically laterally

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11
Q

low back pain that is hip issue usually shows up where according to patient?

A

often bilateral

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12
Q

what is trochanteric bursitis?

A

tenderness pain with activity over the greater trochanter

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13
Q

trochanteric bursitis will lead to pain where?

A

lateral pain

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14
Q

anterior hip pain is likely to be what three things?

A

RA
osteoarthritis
osteonecrosis

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15
Q

is articular or bursitis pain more tender?

A

bursitis pain

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16
Q

is limited range of motion with hip more common in bursitis or articular issue?

A

articular issue

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17
Q

what nerve can be hit with a cardiac cath? what does this lead to?

A

femoral nerve…quad deficit

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18
Q

what is the trendelenburg sign?

A

pelvic sag away from affected side

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19
Q

what nerve is messed up with trendelenburg sign?

A

superior gluteal nerve

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20
Q

what muscles are messed up with trendelenburg sign?

A

gluteus medius and minimus

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21
Q

what is the classic cause of trendelenburg gait?

A

polio

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22
Q

femoral shaft fractures are common or uncommon?

A

uncommon

23
Q

what causes femoral shaft fracture?

A

usually high velocity

24
Q

if there is an effusion at the knee is a joint or bursitis issue?

A

joint issue leads to effusions

25
Q

if there is focal tenderness at knee is it more likely to be a bursitis or articular issue?

A

bursitis

26
Q

ROM is normal with bursitis or articular issues?

A

bursitis

27
Q

what are two common sites for bursitis in knee?

A

prepatellar bursitis

pes anserinus bursitis

28
Q

collateral ligament injuries of knee can be noncontact, direct blow or both?

A

both

29
Q

what is common movement that causes ACL injury?

A

cutting on planted foot

30
Q

what is the sign for ACL tear?

A

positive anterior drawer sign

31
Q

knee dislocations can damage what nerve and what artery?

A

peroneal nerve and popliteal artery

32
Q

what two things should you be suspicious for with knee dislocation?

A

vascular and neurologic injuries

33
Q

what usually causes knee dislocation?

A

high velo accidents

34
Q

meniscal injuries have poor or good healing?

A

poor because low blood flow

35
Q

are meniscal injuries acute or chronic?

A

both

36
Q

what are the symptoms of a meniscal injury?

A

mechanicla symptoms like knee locking/catching

can have an effusion

37
Q

how do you break patellar bone?

A

direct blow from fall

38
Q

what can you not do following patellar fracture?

A

inability to extend knee and have normal force with quads

39
Q

what do you have risk of with high energy tibial fractures?

A

compartment syndrome

40
Q

name five Ps of compartment syndrome

A 
pain
pallor
paresthesias
pulselessness
paralysis
41
Q

what ligament in ankle is usually issue in sprain?

A

anterior talofibular ligament

42
Q

a medial sided ankle sprain commonly includes what ligament?

A

deltoid ligament

43
Q

high ankle sprain is injury to what?

A

syndesmotic injury…interosseus between tibfib

44
Q

what is charcot foot associated with?

A

neuropathy of diabetics

45
Q

what are changes seen in chracot foot?

A

repetitive multitruma due to altered sensation in foot

46
Q

where do ankle fractures commonly occur?

A

lateral or medial malleolus

47
Q

talus fracture is not good because…

A

tenuous blood supply so risk of avascular necrosis

48
Q

what is typical motion that leads to talus fracture?

A

forced dorsiflexion

49
Q

great toe pain most common causes are what two things?

A

Gout and hallux rigidis

50
Q

hallux rigidis is what?

A

osteoarthritis of the big toe

51
Q

is gout pain or hallux rigidis pain more activity related?

A

hallux rigidis

52
Q

is gout pain or hallux rigidis pain more episodic?

A

gout

53
Q

is gout pain or hallux rigidis pain more severe?

A

gout pain

MSK Week 3 (10 decks)

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