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MSK Week 3 > Knee and Shin > Flashcards

Knee and Shin Flashcards

1
Q

which of the tibia and fibula is lateral? which is medial?

A

fibula is lateral

tibia is medial

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2
Q

which of the tibia or fibula is mainly used for weight bearing?

A

tibia

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3
Q

which of the tibia or fibula is mainly a site for muscle attachments?

A

fibula

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4
Q

what does the tibia have proximally?

A

lateral and medial condyles

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5
Q

what attaches at the tibial tuberosity?

A

patellar tendon of the leg

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6
Q

what is the medial distal projection of the tibia?

A

medial malleolus

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7
Q

what are tibfib attached by?

A

interosseus membrane

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8
Q

what two things does the tibia articulate with distally?

A

fibula and the talus

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9
Q

what is the area between the two proximal femoral facets of the tibia?

A

anterior and posterior intercondylar areas

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10
Q

what attaches in the anterior and posterior intercondylar areas?

A

cruciate ligaments (anterior and posterior)

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11
Q

is the knee joint weak or strong joint?

A

considered a weak mechanical joint…hence the many injuries

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12
Q

what muscle is most important in stabilizing the knee joint?

A

quadriceps

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13
Q

the quadriceps tendon expands laterally across the knee joint…what is this called?

A

patellar retinaculum

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14
Q

what are the medial and lateral ligaments of the knee called?

A

lateral and medial collateral ligaments

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15
Q

the medial collateral ligament fuses with what in the knee?

A

the medial meniscus…so if you injure one you likely will injure the other

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16
Q

name the two internal ligaments of the knee

A

anterior an dposterior cruciate ligaments

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17
Q

what do the cruciate ligaments join?

A

femur and tibia

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18
Q

is the ACL relaxed or tightened when knee is flexed?

A

relaxed

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19
Q

is the ACL relaxed or tightened when knee is extended ?

A

tight

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20
Q

what does the ACL prevent from happening?

A

knee hyperextension by femur sliding too far posteriorly

in other words it prevents the anterior displacement of the tibia

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21
Q

what position does ACL rupture occur in usually?

A

when knee is extended and it gets over rotated

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22
Q

what else often gets torn with the ACL? what is the name of this?

A

medial meniscus and MCL

called the unhappy triad

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23
Q

what is the sign of an ACL tear? explain

A

anterior drawer sign where you displace the tibia anteriorly from the femur

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24
Q

does the PCL relax or tighten during flexion of the knee?

A

tighten

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25
Q

what does the PCL prevent?

A

femur sliding anterior to tibia
or
tibia displacing posteriorly

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26
Q

what is the sign with PCL tears?

A

posterior drawer sign where tibia can be pushed posteriorly

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27
Q

what is the role of the knee menisci?

A

shock absorbers of the knee

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28
Q

what is the motion that injures the menisci of the knee?

A

torsional twisting of the knees

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29
Q

what is the issue with menisci? what does this lead to when injured?

A

dont have much blood supply so will need surgery more often

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30
Q

what is the medial meniscus firmly attached to?

A

MCL

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31
Q

what is between the LCL and the lateral meniscus?

A

popliteus muscle tendon

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32
Q

which of the medial and lateral meniscus is more mobile?

A

lateral

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33
Q

the popliteal artery gives off three branches…name them

A

anterior tibial
posterior tibial
fibular artery

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34
Q

what are the two branches of the sciatic nerve?

A

tibial nerve

common fibular nerve

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35
Q

where does the sciatic nerve branch?

A

at knee joint

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36
Q

tibial nerve innervates all the muscles in what leg compartment?

A

posterior

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37
Q

the common fibular nerve divides into what?

A

superficial fibular nerve

deep fibular nerve

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38
Q

what does the deep fibular nerve provide innervation to?

A

anterior compartment of the leg

39
Q

what does the superficial fibular nerve provide innervation to?

A

deep compartment of the leg

40
Q

name the four compartments of the lower leg

A

lateral compartment
anterior compartment
posterior deep compartment
superficial deep compartment

41
Q

what divides the lower leg into compartments?

A

crural fascia

42
Q

what is the biggest muscle in the superficial posterior group?

A

gastrocnemius

43
Q

what muscle is deep to the gastrocnemius muscle in the superficial posterior group of muscles?

A

soleus

44
Q

what do the soleus and gastrocnemius attach to? what is the tendon called?

A

calcaneal tuberosity…via the achilles tendon

45
Q

is the gastrocnemius or soleus more fast twitch?

A

gastrocnemius

46
Q

what is soleus more used for compared to gastrocnemius?

A

strolling…endurance movement

47
Q

what is the plantaris muscle?

A

small muscle in the superficial posterior group of muscles…has a very long thin tendon

48
Q

what is the tendon of the plantaris muscle often used for?

A

repairing a torn achilles tendon

49
Q

what nerve innervates the gastrocnemius and soleus?

A

tibial nerve

50
Q

what are the nerve roots of the tibial nerve that innervate the calf muscles

A

S1 and S2

51
Q

name the three muscles of the deep posterior group

A

flexor hallucis longus
flexor digitorum longus
tibialis posterior

52
Q

what is the action of the popliteus?

A

flexor of the knee…unlocks it when extended

53
Q

what are the three actions of the deep posterior group of lower leg muscles?

A

plantarflex the ankle
flex the toes
invert the foot

54
Q

what is the main action of the flexor hallucis longus?

A

flex big toe

55
Q

what is the main action of the flexor digitorum longus?

A

flexes toes

56
Q

what is the main two actions of the tibialis posterior?

A

plantarflex and invert foot

57
Q

what gap do the tibialis posterior, flexor hallucis longis, and flexor digitourm pass through into the foot?

A

tarsal tunnel

58
Q

is the tarsal tunnel on lateral or medial side of the foot

A

medial

59
Q

what roots of the tibial nerve innervate tibialis posterior?

A

L45

60
Q

what roots of the tibial nerve innervate flexor digitorum longus?

A

S23

61
Q

what roots of the tibial nerve innervate flexor hallucis longus?

A

S23

62
Q

what are the branches of the popliteal artery that serve the knee?

A

genicular arteries

63
Q

name the three branches of the popliteal artery as it goes into the lower leg

A

anterior tibial artery
posterior tibial artery
fibular artery

64
Q

the anterior tibial artery feeds what compartment of the leg?

A

anterior leg compartment

65
Q

the posterior tibial artery feeds what compartment of the leg?

A

posterior leg muscles

66
Q

the fibular artery feeds what compartment of the leg?

A

lateral compartment

67
Q

which branch of the popliteal artery goes into the tarsal tunnel?

A

posterior tibial artery

68
Q

name the five things that traverse the tarsal tunnel

A 
tibialis posterior tendon 
flexor digitorum longus tendon
posterior tibial artery
tibial nerve
flexor hallucis longus tendon
69
Q

the superficial fibular nerve provides sensation to what portion of the foot?

A

dorsum or top of foot

70
Q

the deep fibular nerve provides sensation to what portion of the foot?

A

between big toe and 2nd toe

71
Q

name the two muscles in the lateral compartment of the lower leg

A

fibularis longus

fibularis brevis

72
Q

what is the action of the fibularis longus and brevis?

A

evertors of the foot

73
Q

describe the passage of the fibularis brevis tendon in the foot?

A

through the groove on the bottom of the cuboid bone and inserts into base of 1st metatarsal

74
Q

where does the tendon of the fibularis brevis insert?

A

base of 5th metatarsal

75
Q

what nerve innervates the fibularis longus and brevis?

A

superficial fibular nerve

76
Q

what nerve roots innervate the fibularis longus and brevis?

A

L5 and S1

77
Q

name the three muscles of the anterior compartment of the lower leg

A

tibialis anterior
extensor hallucis longus
extensor digitorum longus

78
Q

what nerve innervates the anterior muscles of the lower leg?

A

deep fibular nerve

79
Q

what nerve roots innervate the anterior leg muscles of the lower leg?

A

L45 and S1

80
Q

the anterior tibial artery becomes what in the foot?

A

dorsalis pedis artery

81
Q

if you cannot feel the dorsalis pedis pulse…what does this likely mean for patient?

A

occlusive vascular disease in more proximal vessels of the leg

82
Q

what causes drop foot?

A

muscles of anterior compartment are weakened or paralyzed

83
Q

what type of injury can lead to a drop foot?

A

disc herniation affecting L45 roots

84
Q

when someone walks with drop foot what happens?

A

hyperflex hip to swing leg through gate cycle and foot slaps the ground because cant dorsiflex foot and prevent hard drop

85
Q

what nerves can be damaged and lead to drop foot?

A

deep fibular nerve or common fibular nerve

86
Q

what are the five Ps of compartment syndrome?

A 
pallor
parasthesia
pulselessness
paralysis
pain out or proportion
87
Q

what causes compartment syndrome?

A

excessive swelling in a muscular compartment of the lower leg that leads to neurovasculature being compressed

88
Q

what makes up the articulation of the ankle joint?

A

distal tibia and fibula and the talus

89
Q

what does the distal part of the tibia and fibula form around the talus?

A

mortise

90
Q

is the trochlea of the talus wider posteriorly or anteriorly?

A

anteriorly

91
Q

since the talus is wider anteriorly, is the ankle more stable is dorsiflexion or plantarflexion?

A

dorsiflexion because wider part gets farther into the mortise

92
Q

what are the three ligaments of the lateral ankle?

A

anterior talofibular
calcaneofibular
posterior talofibular

93
Q

the medial ligaments of the ankle are called what?

A

deltoid ligaments

94
Q

what is the most common lateral ankle ligament to be sprained?

A

anterior talofibular ligament

MSK Week 3 (10 decks)

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