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MSK Week 3 > Bone Histology > Flashcards

Bone Histology Flashcards

1
Q

what is the matrix of cartilage composed of?

A

type II collagen

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2
Q

name the two matrices of collagen

A

territorial

interterritorial

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3
Q

describe territorial cartilage matrix

A

adjacent to chondrocytes…poor in collagen

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4
Q

where is interterritorial collagen matrix located?

A

further from chondrocytes and has more collagen

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5
Q

which of interterritorial and territorial matrices stains dark?

A

territorial

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6
Q

what are chondrocytes embedded in?

A

lacunae within the matrix

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7
Q

where are most chondroblasts located?

A

in the perichondrium

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8
Q

what is the perichondrium? what is it made of?

A

layer of dense irregular connective tissue surrounding hyaline and elastic cartilage

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9
Q

what type of cartilage doesnt have perichondrium?

A

fibrocartilage

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10
Q

what are the two types of cartilage growth?

A

interstitial and appositional

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11
Q

what is interstitial cartilage growth?

A

existig chondrocytes make more chondrocytes

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12
Q

where is a common place for interstitial cartilage growth to occur?

A

epiphyseal plates of bone

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13
Q

what is appositional growth of cartilage?

A

chndrogenic cells become chondroblast then chondroblasts become chondrocytes

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14
Q

where does appositional growth of cartilage occur?

A

in perichondrium

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15
Q

hyaline cartilage has what type of collagen?

A

type II

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16
Q

elastin cartilage has what type of collagen?

A

type II

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17
Q

fibrocartilage has what type of collagen?

A

type I

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18
Q

which two types of cartilage have perichondrium?

A

hyaline and elastin

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19
Q

name three common places for elastin cartilae

A

ear, epiglottis, laryngeal cartilages

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20
Q

where is hyaline cartilage found?

A

articular ends of bones, respiratory system

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21
Q

where is fibrocartilage found?

A

IV discs, insertion of tendons, meniscus

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22
Q

name the two matrices of bone

A

inorganic

organic

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23
Q

the inorganic matrix of bone mainly has what in it?

A

calcified tissue

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24
Q

the organic matrix of bone has what in it?

A

type I collagen

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25
Q

what cell differentiates into osteoblasts?

A

osteoprogenitor cells

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26
Q

what shape are osteoblast when active? what about inactive?

A

cuboidal when active and flat when inactive

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27
Q

what do osteoblasts secrete?

28
Q

what is osteiod?

A

uncalcified bone matrix…type 1 collagen

29
Q

what is an osteocyte?

A

when osteoblast gets entrapped in its own matrix

30
Q

how do osteocytes communicate?

A

through gap junctions via their caniliculi

31
Q

what is osteoclasts role? where do they reside?

A

break down bone…reside in Howships lacunae

32
Q

what is a Howship lacunae?

A

depressions representing bone resorption

33
Q

what color is cytoplasm of osteoclasts?

34
Q

PTH stimulates bone growth or resorption?

A

resorption

35
Q

name the four zones of an osteoclast

A

basal zone
ruffled border
clear zone
vesicular zone

36
Q

what happens at the ruffled border?

A

this is the active site of resorption

37
Q

what is the clear zone of a osteoclast used for?

A

actin filaments to maintain contact with bone that is being resorbed

38
Q

what are the three steps of bone resorption?

A

acid release from osteoclasts
different enzymes degrade bone
osteoclasts resorb everything

39
Q

what is the periosteum?

A

outer layer of bone that is not calcified and makes articulations

40
Q

what are sharpey fibers in the periosteum?

A

they are the type I collagen fibers that connect the periosteum to the underlying bone

41
Q

what is the endosteum?

A

thin inner connective tissue layer that lines the bone marrow cavity

42
Q

what does the endosteum provide to the marrow cavity?

A

osteoprogenitor cells and osteoblasts

43
Q

what is spongy bone composed of?

A

interconnected trabeculae which surround cavities filled with bone marrow

44
Q

what are the trabeculae of spongy bone made of?

A

osteocytes and osteoblasts on each surface

45
Q

what is spongy bone surrounded by?

A

compact bone

46
Q

what does primary bone mainly have in it?

A

many osteocytes with irregulary arranges type I collagen bundles…and low mineral content

47
Q

what is primary bone replaced by?

A

secondary bone

48
Q

what is secondary bone made of?

A

calcified matrix arranged in regular lamellae with osteocytes in lacunae

49
Q

what are the long cylindrical structures that run parallel to bone axis in bone?

A

haversian systems or canals

50
Q

what connects different haversian canals?

A

Volkmann channels

51
Q

what surrounds haversian canals?

52
Q

what are interstitial lamellae?

A

irregularly shaped lamellae that are between haversian canals…remnants of old bone

53
Q

what are the five zones of cartilage at epiphyseal plates?

A 
zone of reserve
proliferation
maturation and cell hypertrophy
calcification
ossification
54
Q

what happens in zone of reserve?

A

regular cartilage is there

55
Q

what happens in zone of proliferation? how does it look?

A

rapid mitotic division of chondrocytes..stacked on each other

56
Q

what happens in zone of maturation and hypertrophy?

A

cells grow in size and get ready to die

57
Q

what happens in zone of calcification?

A

chondrocytes die and get calcified

58
Q

what happens in zone of ossification?

A

osteoblasts start dropping some bone matrix around calcified cartilage

59
Q

what movement occurs in synarthroses joints?

60
Q

what movement occurs in diarthroses joints? what is another name?

A

maximum movement….synovial joints

61
Q

name two joint types

A

synarthroses and diarthroses

62
Q

what are the two layers of an articular cavity in a joint?

A

fibrous capsule

internal synovial capsule

63
Q

what are the two cell types of internal synovial capsule in joint?

A

Type A and B

64
Q

what do type A synovial capsule joint cells do?

A

phagocytic

65
Q

what do type B synovial capsule joint cells do?

A

secrete synovial fluid and serve as fibroblasts

MSK Week 3 (10 decks)

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