Anterior & Medial Thigh Flashcards
what does the popliteal artery start as and what does it branch into?
begins as femoral and changes after it passes through the knee
branches into anterior and posterior tibial arteries
what does the anterior tibial artery become?
dorsalis pedis artery
what does the posterior tibial artery become?
medial and lateral plantar arteries
name the two fascias of the leg
superficial and deep fascia
what is the deep fascia of the thigh called?
fascia lata
what is the deep fascia of the shin called?
crural fascia
what does the fascia lata form laterally?
IT band
what two muscles give aponeurotic contributions to the IT band?
gluteus maximus
tensor fascia lata
what is the action of the tensor fascia lata? (TFL)
abductor of the hip
what nerve innervates the TFL?
superior gluteal nerve
what nerve roots help innervate the TFL?
L45 and S1
fascia lata divides legs into three compartments…name them
anterior, medial and posterior
name the two major superficial veins of the leg
great saphenous vein
small saphenous vein
where does the small saphneous vein travel and what does it join with?
travels behind the knee and joins the popliteal vein
where does the great saphneous vein travel and what does it join with?
up the leg, through the saphenous hiatus and into the femoral vein
where do superficial and deep nodes of the leg eventually drain into?
deep inguinal nodes
where are a lot of deep inguinal nodes located?
in the femoral canal
deep inguinal nodes drain into what?
external iliac nodes then into thoracic duct
anterior thigh muscles include what two main groups?
hip flexors and knee extensors
what two muscles merge to form the iliopsoas?
iliacus and psoas major
where does the iliopsoas insert?
into the lesser trochanter of the femur
name the two main actions of the iliopsoas?
hip flexion and lateral rotation
what nerve innervates the iliopsoas?
femoral nerve
if you fracture the head of the humerus (hip fracture) what will happen to leg?
iliopsoas spasms and leads to lateral rotation and flexion at hip so you see short laterally rotated leg
the iliopsoas gets a lot of blood supply and is close to a lot of retroperitoneal organs…so what can commonly happen in the muscle?
psoas abscesses…from infection spreading
how does psoas abscess present?
fever low back pain and hip/thigh pain
what is the physical exam sign for psoas abscess?
psoas sign…pain on extension of thigh
name the four bellis of the quadriceps femoris
rectus femoris
vastus medialis
vastus lateralis
vastus intermedius
what nerve innervates the quad?
femoral
what nerve roots for the quad?
L234
which belly of the quad crosses both the hip and the knee joints? what does this mean for its action?
rectus femoris…can flex the hip and extend the knee
the femoral nerve leads to innervation of what three muscles?
quad, sartorius, pectineus
the femoral nerve has a sensory branch…name it and where it provides sensory?
anterior femoral cutaneous branches of the thigh
the femoral nerve terminates as what nerve?
saphenous nerv
where does the saphenous nerve run?
cutaneous nerve for sensation to medial lower leg and foot
what is osgood schlatters disease?
quad is pulling on tibial tuberosity that has not quite solidified in adolescents
name the five medial thigh muscles
adductor longus adductor brevis adductor magnus gracilis obturator externus
the three major adductors of the hip insert where?
posterior femur
what is the action of the obturator externus?
lateral rotator of the hip
the medial hip muscles or the adductors are all innervated by what nerve?
obturator nerve
what nerve roots does the obturator use for medial muscles of the thigh?
L234
the adductor magnus is broken into three groups, name them
adductor minimus
adductor portion
hamstring portion
what nerve innervates the adductor minimus and adductor portion of the adductor magnus?
obturator nerve
what nerve innervates the hamstring portion of the adductor magnus?
sciatic nerve
between the adductor portion and the hamstring portion of the adductor magnus is what?
adductor hiatus
what two things go through the adductor hiatus?
femoral artery and vein
what is the action of the pectineus?
flex and adduct hip
what is the action of the gracilis?
adductor of hip
what is the action of the sartorius?
adduct, externally rotate and flex the hip
what nerve innervates the pectineus?
obturator nerve
what group is the pectineus and gracilis part of?
medial muscles of the leg
what is the pes anserinus? where is it located?
insertion site of three muscles into the medial tibial condyle
what three muscles insert at the pes anserinus?
gracilis
sartorius
semitendinosus
what passes through the obturator canal?
obturator nerve and vessels
what are two branches of obturator nerve after passing through the obturator canal?
anterior and posterior branches
what does the anterior branch of the obturator nerve lead to?
small cutaneous sensory nerves of the medial thigh region
name the two parts of the inguinal ligament gap
muscular lacuna
vascular lacuna
the muscular lacuna allows passage of what three structures below the inguinal ligament?
lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
iliopsoas muscle
femoral nerve
the vascular lacuna allows passage of what three structures below the inguinal ligament?
femoral artery
femoral vein
lymphatics
from lateral to medial, what are contents of the femoral triangle?
femoral nerve
femoral artery
femoral vein
what does the femoral sheath enclose at the inguinal ligament area?
femoral artery, vein and canal….but not the nerve
name the three compartments of the femoral sheath and what each contains
lateral-femoral artery
intermediate- femoral vein
medial- femoral canal
what is within the femoral canal?
deep lymphatic lymph nodes
what is just medial to the femoral canal at the inguinal ligament area?
lacunar ligament
how does a femoral hernia arise?
protrusion of intestine through femoral ring into the femoral canal
what can a femoral hernia pass into? what does this cause?
can pass through the femoral canal and into the saphenous ring…develops a palpable mass on inner thigh
the medial lacunar ligament can do what to a femoral hernia?
can strangulate it and cut off circulation to the bowel
the adductor canal is deep to what muscle?
deep to the sartorius muscle
what four things are in the adductor canal?
femoral artery
femoral vein
saphenous nerve
nerve to vastus medialis
femoral artery has two branches name them
deep and superficial
deep branch of the femoral artery leads to what two important vessels?
lateral and medial circumflex arteries that feed the head of the humerus
other than the circumflex arteries from the deep femoral branch…what other vessels arise from the deep femoral and what do they serve?
perforating vessels that serve the posterior leg
the superficial femoral artery continues as what?
the femoral artery through adductor canal and hiatus and becomes the popliteal
what can easily happen to the lateral cutaneous nerve? why?
entrapment because it traverses tightly through the inguinal canal
entrapment of the lateral cutaneous nerve leads to what issue? what is the name of this?
burning pain on outer thigh…called meralgia
