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MSK Week 3 > Anterior & Medial Thigh > Flashcards

Anterior & Medial Thigh Flashcards

1
Q

what does the popliteal artery start as and what does it branch into?

A

begins as femoral and changes after it passes through the knee
branches into anterior and posterior tibial arteries

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2
Q

what does the anterior tibial artery become?

A

dorsalis pedis artery

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3
Q

what does the posterior tibial artery become?

A

medial and lateral plantar arteries

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4
Q

name the two fascias of the leg

A

superficial and deep fascia

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5
Q

what is the deep fascia of the thigh called?

A

fascia lata

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6
Q

what is the deep fascia of the shin called?

A

crural fascia

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7
Q

what does the fascia lata form laterally?

A

IT band

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8
Q

what two muscles give aponeurotic contributions to the IT band?

A

gluteus maximus

tensor fascia lata

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9
Q

what is the action of the tensor fascia lata? (TFL)

A

abductor of the hip

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10
Q

what nerve innervates the TFL?

A

superior gluteal nerve

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11
Q

what nerve roots help innervate the TFL?

A

L45 and S1

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12
Q

fascia lata divides legs into three compartments…name them

A

anterior, medial and posterior

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13
Q

name the two major superficial veins of the leg

A

great saphenous vein

small saphenous vein

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14
Q

where does the small saphneous vein travel and what does it join with?

A

travels behind the knee and joins the popliteal vein

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15
Q

where does the great saphneous vein travel and what does it join with?

A

up the leg, through the saphenous hiatus and into the femoral vein

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16
Q

where do superficial and deep nodes of the leg eventually drain into?

A

deep inguinal nodes

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17
Q

where are a lot of deep inguinal nodes located?

A

in the femoral canal

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18
Q

deep inguinal nodes drain into what?

A

external iliac nodes then into thoracic duct

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19
Q

anterior thigh muscles include what two main groups?

A

hip flexors and knee extensors

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20
Q

what two muscles merge to form the iliopsoas?

A

iliacus and psoas major

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21
Q

where does the iliopsoas insert?

A

into the lesser trochanter of the femur

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22
Q

name the two main actions of the iliopsoas?

A

hip flexion and lateral rotation

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23
Q

what nerve innervates the iliopsoas?

A

femoral nerve

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24
Q

if you fracture the head of the humerus (hip fracture) what will happen to leg?

A

iliopsoas spasms and leads to lateral rotation and flexion at hip so you see short laterally rotated leg

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25
Q

the iliopsoas gets a lot of blood supply and is close to a lot of retroperitoneal organs…so what can commonly happen in the muscle?

A

psoas abscesses…from infection spreading

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26
Q

how does psoas abscess present?

A

fever low back pain and hip/thigh pain

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27
Q

what is the physical exam sign for psoas abscess?

A

psoas sign…pain on extension of thigh

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28
Q

name the four bellis of the quadriceps femoris

A

rectus femoris
vastus medialis
vastus lateralis
vastus intermedius

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29
Q

what nerve innervates the quad?

A

femoral

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30
Q

what nerve roots for the quad?

A

L234

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31
Q

which belly of the quad crosses both the hip and the knee joints? what does this mean for its action?

A

rectus femoris…can flex the hip and extend the knee

32
Q

the femoral nerve leads to innervation of what three muscles?

A

quad, sartorius, pectineus

33
Q

the femoral nerve has a sensory branch…name it and where it provides sensory?

A

anterior femoral cutaneous branches of the thigh

34
Q

the femoral nerve terminates as what nerve?

A

saphenous nerv

35
Q

where does the saphenous nerve run?

A

cutaneous nerve for sensation to medial lower leg and foot

36
Q

what is osgood schlatters disease?

A

quad is pulling on tibial tuberosity that has not quite solidified in adolescents

37
Q

name the five medial thigh muscles

A 
adductor longus
adductor brevis
adductor magnus
gracilis
obturator externus
38
Q

the three major adductors of the hip insert where?

A

posterior femur

39
Q

what is the action of the obturator externus?

A

lateral rotator of the hip

40
Q

the medial hip muscles or the adductors are all innervated by what nerve?

A

obturator nerve

41
Q

what nerve roots does the obturator use for medial muscles of the thigh?

A

L234

42
Q

the adductor magnus is broken into three groups, name them

A

adductor minimus
adductor portion
hamstring portion

43
Q

what nerve innervates the adductor minimus and adductor portion of the adductor magnus?

A

obturator nerve

44
Q

what nerve innervates the hamstring portion of the adductor magnus?

A

sciatic nerve

45
Q

between the adductor portion and the hamstring portion of the adductor magnus is what?

A

adductor hiatus

46
Q

what two things go through the adductor hiatus?

A

femoral artery and vein

47
Q

what is the action of the pectineus?

A

flex and adduct hip

48
Q

what is the action of the gracilis?

A

adductor of hip

49
Q

what is the action of the sartorius?

A

adduct, externally rotate and flex the hip

50
Q

what nerve innervates the pectineus?

A

obturator nerve

51
Q

what group is the pectineus and gracilis part of?

A

medial muscles of the leg

52
Q

what is the pes anserinus? where is it located?

A

insertion site of three muscles into the medial tibial condyle

53
Q

what three muscles insert at the pes anserinus?

A

gracilis
sartorius
semitendinosus

54
Q

what passes through the obturator canal?

A

obturator nerve and vessels

55
Q

what are two branches of obturator nerve after passing through the obturator canal?

A

anterior and posterior branches

56
Q

what does the anterior branch of the obturator nerve lead to?

A

small cutaneous sensory nerves of the medial thigh region

57
Q

name the two parts of the inguinal ligament gap

A

muscular lacuna

vascular lacuna

58
Q

the muscular lacuna allows passage of what three structures below the inguinal ligament?

A

lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
iliopsoas muscle
femoral nerve

59
Q

the vascular lacuna allows passage of what three structures below the inguinal ligament?

A

femoral artery
femoral vein
lymphatics

60
Q

from lateral to medial, what are contents of the femoral triangle?

A

femoral nerve
femoral artery
femoral vein

61
Q

what does the femoral sheath enclose at the inguinal ligament area?

A

femoral artery, vein and canal….but not the nerve

62
Q

name the three compartments of the femoral sheath and what each contains

A

lateral-femoral artery
intermediate- femoral vein
medial- femoral canal

63
Q

what is within the femoral canal?

A

deep lymphatic lymph nodes

64
Q

what is just medial to the femoral canal at the inguinal ligament area?

A

lacunar ligament

65
Q

how does a femoral hernia arise?

A

protrusion of intestine through femoral ring into the femoral canal

66
Q

what can a femoral hernia pass into? what does this cause?

A

can pass through the femoral canal and into the saphenous ring…develops a palpable mass on inner thigh

67
Q

the medial lacunar ligament can do what to a femoral hernia?

A

can strangulate it and cut off circulation to the bowel

68
Q

the adductor canal is deep to what muscle?

A

deep to the sartorius muscle

69
Q

what four things are in the adductor canal?

A

femoral artery
femoral vein
saphenous nerve
nerve to vastus medialis

70
Q

femoral artery has two branches name them

A

deep and superficial

71
Q

deep branch of the femoral artery leads to what two important vessels?

A

lateral and medial circumflex arteries that feed the head of the humerus

72
Q

other than the circumflex arteries from the deep femoral branch…what other vessels arise from the deep femoral and what do they serve?

A

perforating vessels that serve the posterior leg

73
Q

the superficial femoral artery continues as what?

A

the femoral artery through adductor canal and hiatus and becomes the popliteal

74
Q

what can easily happen to the lateral cutaneous nerve? why?

A

entrapment because it traverses tightly through the inguinal canal

75
Q

entrapment of the lateral cutaneous nerve leads to what issue? what is the name of this?

A

burning pain on outer thigh…called meralgia

MSK Week 3 (10 decks)

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