Tumors Flashcards
who usually gets an osteois osteoma?
young patients
when does pain really get bad with osteoid osteoma?
at night
what can really help osteiod osteoma?
NSAIDs
what can exacerbate osteoid osteoma?
alcohol
are osteiod osteomas usually biopsied?
no
who usually gets osteosarcoma?
young…ages 5-25
if older person gets osteosarcoma what can it be secondary to?
paget disease or prior radiation
where does osteosarcoma occur in the bone?
metaphyseal
what is the buzz word for how osteosarcoma looks?
sunburst
what is treatment for osteosarcoma?
systemic chemo with surgical resection
when do you have pain with osteosarcoma?
at night and at rest
what is histo pattern of osteosarcoma?
atypical cells producing osteoid
what can be associated with osteosarcoma?
retinoblastoma
what age gets osteochondroma?
young under 20
what is classic presentation of osteochondroma?
fixed mass that is painless in child
where doe osteochondroma grow?
grows away from metaphyseal
is there pain with osteochondroma?
no, unless its tendonitis or bursitis
what is the genetic disorder with osteochondroma
AD..multiple osteochondromas
what does osteochondroma look like on histo?
looks like a growth plate
who gets enchodromas?
over 30 yrs old
where do enchodromas grow?
metaphyseal, central in bone
what is a common anatomic location for enchodromas?
hand
is there pain with enchodromas?
no
how are enchodromas found?
often on accident
chondrosarcomas is in what ages?
50 and above
are chondrosarcomas more concerning when distal or proximal?
proximal
how do chondrosarcomas appear on Xray
stippled pattern suggesting cartilage
how does chondrosarcomas appear on histo?
more cellular than enchondroma, considerable atypia
what is classic presentation for chondrosarcomas ?
older patient with enlarging hip/pelvis/shoulder mass
what is a simple/unicameral bone cyst?
small single bone cyst usually found at proximal humerus or femur
name two common locations for simple/unicameral bone cyst
femur/humerus
what age gets simple/unicameral bone cyst?
under 20
is there pain with simple/unicameral bone cyst?
nah not usually
what is a nonossifying fibroma?
self limiting osseous lesion
where do you see nonossifying fibroma in bone?
metaphyseal
what age gets nonossifying fibroma?
under 20
how do nonossifying fibroma appear on Xray?
lucent with lobulated bubbly look
how does fibrous dysplasia appear on Xray?
ground glass appearance
when does fibrous dysplasia usually present?
childhood
what are the two types of fibrous dysplasia?
monostotic
polystotic
what can polyostotic fibrous dysplasia be associated with?
Mccune Albright syndrome
how does fibrous dysplasia appear on histo?
immature bony trabeculae with bland fibrous stroma (alphabet soup)
where do giant cell tumors occur in bone?
epiphysis of long bones
is giant cell tumor lucent or opaque on Xray?
lucent
what do you see a lot of with giant cell tumor on histo?
giant cells
if you get a lesion in epiphyses of bone..what is it?
giant cell tumor
where does ewing sarcoma occur in bone?
diaphysis
how does ewing sarcoma appear on xray?
onion skinning on Xray
what can ewing sarcoma be associated with? so what can it be confused with?
fever and ESR…osteomyelitis
how does ewing sarcoma appear on histo?
small round monomorphic cells
what is typical translocation of ewing sarcoma?
11 and 22
what are the two pediatric osseous malignancies?
osteosarcoma and ewing sarcoma
new bony lesion in patient older than 50 think what three things?
metastatic disease
myeloma
lymphoma
if it is a primary tumor in someone older than 50…what two things do we think?
chondrosarcoma or secondary osteosarcoma
how does MM appear on Xray?
multifocal and radiolucent
what is a common site for test questions to ask about MM?
skull lesions
what are five common primary cancers that spread to bone?
lung breast prostate renal thyroid
what does myositis ossificans cause in bone?
tumor stimulator
what can myositis ossificans cause to form in muscle?
hetertropic bone
what is a common location for myositis ossificans?
quad
how does myositis ossificans appear on Xray?
outer rim is opaque and inner area is lucent
why does outer area of myositis ossificans appear more opaque?
because the bone matures from outside to in
how does myositis ossificans usually present?
young patient with trauma to leg and a developing mass after trauma
is myositis ossificans painful?
not usually
what can paget disease contribute to?
tumor contributor/stimulator
what is paget disease associated with?
osteosarcoma
what other organ system is problem in paget disease?
endocrine
who gets paget disease?
older patients more than 50yo
is paget disease painful?
yes
what can you see happen to bones in paget disease?
bone bowing
