Foot Flashcards
how many tarsal bones are there?
7
how many phalange bones are there in the foot?
14
name the 7 tarsal bones
talus calcaneus cuboid navicular 3 cuneiform
is the navicular or cuboid bone lateral?
cuboid is lateral and navicular is medial
what is the superior articular surface of the talus called?
trochlea
what does the head of the talus articulate with?
navicular
the neck of the talus has what in it? what are these for?
holes for arteries to vascularize the bone
what movement leads to talus bone fracture?
forced dorsiflexion of the foot
where do talus fractures commonly occur? what can this lead to? why?
neck of talus…leads to avascular necrosis because of the neck holding all the blood supply to the talus
the calcaneus articulates with what bone superiorly? wha is the joint called?
talus…called the subtalar joint
what bone does the calcaneous articulate with anteriorly/
cuboid bone
what tendon inserts on back of calcaneus?
achilles
on the medial side of the calcaneus what is there?
the sustentaculum tali
what is the function of the sustentaculum tali?
supports the head of the talus
what tendon runs under the sustentaculum tali?
flexor hallucis longus
when you fracture the heel bone what must you rule out?
lower thoracic and lumbar vertebrae fractures
if you fracture the calcaneus…what can be involved that leads to long term poorer prognosis?
it can involve the subtalar joint…this often leads to severe arthritis
the fifth metatarsal has a what on the lateral side?
large tuberosity
what is the large tuberosity of the 5th metatarsal for?
insertion of the fibularis brevis
a bad ankle sprain can lead to a fracture of what foot bone? why?
fracture of the fifth metatarsal…because when sprain ankle the fibularis brevis will contract really hard and can break the tuberosity of the 5th metatarsal
deep fascia on the base of the foot is called what?
plantar fascia
the thick central fascia of the plantar fascia in the foot is called what
plantar aponeurosis
what does the plantar aponeurosis help with?
the shape of the arch because it is really tight
what divides the foot into compartments?
plantar aponeurosis
name the four compartments of the foot
medial
lateral
central
interosseus
what is the midline of the foot?
2nd toe
name the four intrinsic muscles of the foot that the medial plantar nerve innervates
flexor digitorum brevis
abductor halucis
flexor hallucis brevis
1st medial lumbrical
how many muscles are intrinsic to the foot?
18
what nerve innervates 14 of the intrinsic foot muscles?
lateral plantar nerve
what are the roots that innervate ALL intrinsic foot muscles?
S23
the tibial nerve after passing through tarsal tunnel turns into what?
medial plantar nerve
lateral plantar nerve
the medial plantar nerve then divides into what in the foot?
common and proper digital nerve
median plantar nerve gives sensation to what digits?
medial 3.5 digits
what does the lateral plantar nerve divide into?
deep and superficial nerve
what does the deep branch of the lateral plantar nerve do
innervate intrinsic foot muscles
what does the superficial branch of the lateral plantar nerve do?
sensation to lateral 1.5 digits
the sural nerve gives sensory to what portion of the foot?
lateral side
the saphenous nerve gives sensation to what part of the foot?
medial side
the posterior tibial artery divides into what?
lateral and medial plantar arteries
the medial plantar artery gives rise to what?
superficial and deep branches
the medial plantar artery of the foot serves what toe?
big toe
the lateral plantar artery gives rise to what?
deep plantar arch
the deep plantar arch of the lateral plantar artery anastamoses with what?
deep plantar artery from the dorsalis pedis
the deep arch of the lateral plantar artery gives rise to what two things?
plantar metatarsal arteries and the digital branches
the lateral plantar artery feeds what toes?
2-5
the subtalar joint allows for what two movements?
eversion and inversion of the foot
what is the important ligament of the subtalar joint?
interosseous talocalcaneal ligament
the subtalar needs help to lead to eversion and inversion…what other joint helps with it?
transverse tarsal joint
the transverse tarsal joint is between what four bones
calcaneous articulates with cuboid
talus articulated with navicular
what is the ligament that supports the transverse tarsal joint?
bifurcate ligament
name the four muscles that help the integrity of the arch of the foot
tibialis posterior and anterior
fibularis longus
flexor hallucis longus
name the ligaments that help the integrity of the arch
calcaneonavicular ligament
long plantar ligament
plantar aponeurosis
where does calcaneonavicular ligament span from?
sustentaculum tali of calcaneus to the navicular bone
where does long plantar ligament span from?
from calcaneus to cuboid
plantat fasciitis is the inflammation of what part of the arch of the foot?
plantar aponeurosis and muscles arising from calcaneus
