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B2 ANATOMY SEM2 > UPPER LIMB: BONES & MUSCLES > Flashcards

UPPER LIMB: BONES & MUSCLES Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the axillary artery begin, and its general course?

A

From the subclavian artery, the axillary art. begins at the lateral border of the 1st rib

Then continues as the brachial artery @ lower border of the teres major

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2
Q

What nerve roots comprise of the brachial plexus?

A

C5 to T1

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3
Q

Significance of Brachial Plexus Lateral and Medial Cords

A

Form an iconic N/M shape signifying

```
lateral
musculocutaneous n
median n
ulnar n.
(medial)
~~~

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4
Q

What muscles make up the rotator cuff

A

Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus,Teres minor, and Subscapularis

The muscles arise from the scapula and connect to the head of the humerus, forming a cuff around the glenohumeral (GH) joint

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5
Q

Venous drainage of the upper limb

A

cephalic vein (radial side)

basilic vein (ulnar side)

*median cubital vein

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6
Q

Joints associated with the shoulder

A

STERNOCLAVICULAR JOINT = synovial saddle

ACROMIOCLAVICULAR JOINT = plane synoyvial

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7
Q

Which part of the clavicle is the weakest?

A

middle 3rd = most #

dt weakest junction

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8
Q

Significance of abduction and joints involved

A

First 30º = glenohumeral

Beyond 30º = scapular elevation and lateral rotation

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9
Q

Muscles of Scapular Elevation

A

Trapezius
Levator scapulae
Rhomboid

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10
Q

Muscles of Scapular Depression

A

Latissimus dorsi

Serratus anterior

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11
Q

Muscles of Scapular Protraction

A

Serratus anterior + pectorals

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12
Q

Muscles of Scapular Retraction

A

Trapezius and Rhomboids

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13
Q

Muscles of Scapular Lateral Rotation

A

Trapezius and serratus anterior

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14
Q

Muscles of Scapular Medial Rotation

A

Gravity
Levator scapulae
Rhomboids
Pecs. Mn.

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15
Q

Actions of Latissimus dorsi

A

movements on the shoulder joint; internal rotation, adduction and extension of the arm.

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16
Q

Actions and innervation of Infraspinatus

A

Infraspinatus is one of the four rotator cuff muscles, alongside subscapularis, teres minor and supraspinatus muscles.

As a part of the rotator cuff muscles, the main function of infraspinatus muscle is external rotation of the humerus

(Suprascapular nerve (C5, C6))

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17
Q

Actions and innervation of supraspinatus

A

Arm abduction

Suprascapular nerve (C5, C6)

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18
Q

Actions and innervation of Teres Mn

A

Shoulder joint: Arm external rotation, arm adduction;

Axillary nerve (C5, C6)

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19
Q

Actions and innervation of Subscapularis

A

Shoulder joint: Arm internal rotation

Upper and lower subscapular nerves (C5 - C6)

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20
Q

Humeral Anatomical Neck Vs Surgical Neck

A

ANATOMICAL NECK = next to HUMERAL HEAD

SURGICAL NECK = NEXT TO SHAFT, and INTERTUBERCULAR GROOVE
* most frequently fractured site of the proximal humerus, putting the axillary nerve and posterior circumflex humeral branch of the axillary artery at risk

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21
Q

What is the function of the glenoid labrum

A

It forms a rim around the glenoid fossa

  • deepens the fossa
  • shock abs.
  • attachments for ligaments
22
Q

What are the ligaments of the glenohumeral joint

A
  1. CORACOACROMIAL LIGAMENT
  2. CORCACOHUMERAL LIGAMENT = prevents superior displacement of the humeral head
  3. GLENOHUMERAL LIGAMENTs = anterior stability
  4. Transverse Humeral Ligament = associated w/ bicipital groove and forms its roof
23
Q

What are the 2 main bursa in the shoulder?

A
  1. SUBACROMIAL BURSA - found in btween infra/supraspinatus and the deltoid
    => provides gliding mechanism btween rotator cuff and coracoacromial arch
  • rotator cuff injury / subacromial bursitis
    2. SUBSCAPULAR BURSA
24
Q

Primary function of the rotator cuff muscles (aside from movement)?

A

Centralise Humeral Head

25
Q

Movements of the deltoid

A

ANTERIOR = +pec maj., FLEXION and internal rot.

MIDDLE = ABDUCTION

POSTERIOR = EXTENSION. and ext. rotation

26
Q

Deltoid and nerve significance

A

AXILLARY N. (C5,C6) supplies

thus COMMON ENTRAPMENT during SHOULDER DISLOCATION

= regimental badge

27
Q

The distal attachments of pec maj.

A

LATERAL LIP OF HUMERUS

and

INTERTUBERCULAR GROOVE

28
Q

Actions of pec maj.

A
  1. Shoulder flexion

2. Humeral adduction. and internal rot.

29
Q

Significance of Winging Scapula

A

dt dmg. to LONG THORACIC N. (from mastectomy coommonly)

innervation to seratus anterior = malfunction to scapula protraction to posterior rib cage

30
Q

Trapezius sectiions

A

SUPERIOR = ELEVATIION

MIDDLE = RETRACT

NFERIOR = DEPRESS

31
Q

What is the trapezius’ innervation and which skull foramen does it pass?

A

ACCESSORY N - XI

via JUGULAR FORAMEN

32
Q

Major muscles of the anterior upper arm

A

BICEPS BRACHII

BRACHIALIS

CORACACOBRACHIALIS

+musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6)

33
Q

Actions of biceps brachii

A

flexion of elbow

arm supination

34
Q

The x head of the biceps originates from the y process of the scapula

A

Short head originates coracacoid process

35
Q

The x head of the biceps originates from the y tubercle of the scapula. its tendon passes through the z of the humerus?

A

Long head originates from infraglenoid tubercle, with the tendon passing the bicipital groove

36
Q

Where does the brachialis insert into?

A

ulna: coronoid process and tuberosity

37
Q

What is the main nerve of the anterior compartment of the arm?

A

(C5, C6)

Musculocutaneous supplies all muscles within the anterior compartment

38
Q

Progression of the musculocutaneous nerve

A

(C5-C6)
Enters arm perforating coracobrachialis, descening between biceps brachii and brachialis.

Branches off as lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm

39
Q

Major muscles of the posterior upper arm

A

Radial nerve (C6, C7, C8) - a radiant gate

TRICEPS - LATERAL HEAD

TRICPES - LONG HEAD
=> common tendon of triceps inserts into olecranon process of the ulna

ANCONEUS

40
Q

Which head of the triceps attached onto the. infra-glenoid tubercle of the scapula?

A

Long head

41
Q

What is the action of the triceps?

A

Elbow extension

42
Q

Innervation of the triceps

A

Radial nerve (C6, C7, C8).

43
Q

Innervation of the posterior compartment of the arm

A

Radial nerve (C6, C7, C8).

44
Q

Which vein lies in the roof of the antecubital fossa?

A

MEDIAN CUBITAL VEIN

anterior to brachial art, and associated medial and lateral cut. nerves, and basilic and cephalic veins

45
Q

What sides are the basilic and cephalic veins on?

A

BASILIC = medial/ulnar

CEPHALIC = lateral/radial

46
Q

WHAT TYPE OF JOINT IS the elbow joint?

A

Synovial hinge

47
Q

What inflammation/conditions are associated with both medial and lateral epicondyles?

A

TENNIS ELBOW = LATERAL EPICONDYLITIS

GOLFER’S ELBOW = MEDIAL EPICONDYLITIS

+Student’s Elbow = Olecranon Bursitis

48
Q

What ligament holds the head of the radius in contact with the radial notch of the ulna?

A

ANNULAR LIGAMENT

49
Q

Supination and pronation are the movements of the x joints (also joint type of x)

A

proximal radio-ulnar joints (synovial pivot)

50
Q

What muscles are involved in sup/pron

A

SUP:

  1. Supinator muscle
  2. Biceps brachii

PRON.:

  1. PRONATOR TERES
  2. PRONATOR QUADRATUS

B2 ANATOMY SEM2 (14 decks)

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