LOWER LIMB 2: Bones & Muscles Flashcards
Anterior features of lower leg
PROXIMAL TIBIOFIBULAR JOINT = PLANE SYNOVIAAL
TIBIAL TUBEROSITY
INTEROSSEUS MEMBRANE
FIBULAR NOTCH
LATRAL MALLEOLUS of fibula
Compare the two tibiofibular joints
PROXIMAL = PLANE SYNOVIAL
DISTAL = SYNDESMOSIS
ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT MUSCLES OF THE LOWER LEG: components, nerves, actions
DORSIFLEXION
INVERSION
+toe extension
(deep fibular n. =. L4-S1) - covering shins of the nun
- TIBIALIS ANTERIOR
- EXTENSOR HALLUCIS LONGUS (big toe)
- EXTENSOR DIGITORUM LONGUS (lateral 4 toes)
- FIBULARIS TERTIUS
* medial to lateral = T H D
LATERAL COMPARTMENT MUSCLES OF THE LOWER LG
EVERSION
+ plantarflex (weak)
(superficial fibular n. - L5-S1) - Lateral Clive’s Hit n Run
- FIBULARIS LONGUS
- FIBULARIS BREVIS
Significant tendons on the foot dorsum
Tendinous sheath of Tibialis Ant.
Tendinous sheath of Ext. Digitorum Longus & Fibularis Tertius
and
Tendinous sheath of Ext. Hallucis Longus (deeper and laterl to tibialis ant. sheath.)
What type of joint is the ankle joint?
hinged synovial joint to produce = PLANTAR AND DORSIFLEXION
+hyaline articular cartilage of talus
When is the malleolar grip the strongest?
Dorsiflexion, when the talus is gripped tightly
What does the talus articulate with
MALLEOLUS of tibia and fibula (superiorly)
CALCANEUS (posteriorly)
NAVICULAR (anterior)
Bones of the toe
(most medial) medial cuneiform intermed. cuneiform lateral cuneiform CUBOID
then
METATARSALS
Which is the weaakest ligament of the ankle?
Anterior talofibular lgmnt = common tear during
SUPINATION-EVERSION injuries
Subtalar joint significance
Talus and Calcineus = Subtalar joint
= eversion & inversion
*inversion common sprain
Features of the popliteal fossa
upper medial border
- semimembranous - flatter!
- semitend.
- semimembr.
upper lateral border
*biceps femoris
contents
- POPLITEAL ART. + POPLITEAL VEIN
- TIBIAL N. (bifurcating from Scitatic)
- COMMON FIBULAR NERVE. (bifurcating from Scitatic)
* common fibular most lateral!
SUPERFICIAL POSTERIOR GROUP OF MUSCLES (calfLL)
PLANTARFLEX
INVERSION
(TIBIAL N. - S1, S2)
*all insert into the calcaneus tendon to the posterior insertion into the calcaneus bone
- GASTROCNEMIUS = plantarflex + knee flexor
- PLANTARIS
* long tendon - SOLEUS
DEEP POSTERIOR GROUP OF MUSCLES (calf LL)
Toe flexion and ankle flexion
(TIBIAL N.)
- flexor retinaculum entry to foot
1. POPLITEUS = lateral rot.
2. TIBIALIS POSTERIOR
3. FLEXOR HALLUCIS LONGUS
4. FLEXOR DIGITORUM LONGUS
What is the talonavicular joint?
Synovial Ball and socket = side-to-side pivot
What is the talocalcaneal joint
Synovial plane = Lateral sliding movement
Significance of the Spring ligament?
The plantar calcaneonavicular ligament
- fibrocart. ligament resists weight
- maintain longitudinal arch and contributes to subtalar joints
-visible MRI underneath ball and socket of the talonavicular joint
LAYER 1 of the DEEP FOOT
Flexors
(most medial)
1. ABDUCTOR HALLUCIS
- FLEXOR DIGITORUM BREVIS (CENTRAL)
- ABDUCTOR DIGITI MINIMI (lateral)
LAYER 2 of the DEEP FOOT
(medial)
- FLEXOR HALLUCIS LONGUS
- FLEXOR DIGITORUM LONGUS
- FLEXOR DIGITORUM ACCESSORIS
+neurovasc. =
- common plantar nerves and arteries
- lateral plantar nrves and arteries
LAYER 3 of the DEEP FOOT
adductors and short flexors of toes
- FLEXOR HALLUCIS BREVIS
- ADDUCTOR HALLUCIS = ransverse and oblique heads makes a 7 shape
- FLEXOR DIGITI MINIMI
LAYER 4 of theDEEP FOOT
Interossi
Plantar interossei = adduct
Dorsal interossei = abduct
(medial)
1st dorsal & 2nd dorsal
1st Plantar 3rd Dorsal
2nd Plantar 4th Dorsal
3rd plantar & flexor digiti minimi
(lateral)
