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B2 ANATOMY SEM2 > LOWER LIMB - Bones & Muscles > Flashcards

LOWER LIMB - Bones & Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

What are the bones that make up the hip?

A

ILIUM

ISCHIUM

PUBIS

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2
Q

ANTERIOR BONY FEATURES OF THE HIP

A

ILIAC CREST

ANT. SUPERIOR ILIAC SPINE

Pubic Tubercle

OBTURATOR FORAMEN

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3
Q

POSTERIOR BONY FEATURES OF THE HIP

A

ILIAC CREST

ACETABULUM: articulates with femoral head = hip joint

ISCHIAL SPINE

OBTURATOR FORAMEN

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4
Q

ANTERIOR BONY FEATURES OF THE FEMUR

A

(head)
NECK

GREATER TROCHANTER

LESSER TROCHANTER

LATERAL EPICONDYLE

MEDIAL EPICONDYLE

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5
Q

POSTERIOR BONY FEATURES OF THE FEMUR

A

(head)
NECK

GREATER TROCHANTER

INTERTROCHANERIC LINE

LESSER TROCHANTER

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6
Q

what does the femoral head articulate with?

A

ACETABULUM to form the hip joint

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7
Q

What do the hemi-pelvises articulate with?

A

At the midline they articulate together at the pubic symphysis

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8
Q

What is the acetabular labrum?

A

Lines the acetabular rim, fibrocartilaginous. Ensures the cushioning of the hip joint.

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9
Q

Function of the Ileofemoral ligament

A

PREVENTS HYPEREXTENSION OF HIP JOINT

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10
Q

Function of Pubofemoral ligament

A

PREVENTS HYPER ABDUCTION OF THE HIP JOINT

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11
Q

Function of the ISCHIOFEMORAL LIGAMENT

A

Prevents hyperextension

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12
Q

Iliacus

A 
Lumbar spinal (L1-L3)
arises from inner pelvis and attaches to thelesser trochanter of femur
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13
Q

Psoas Mj

A

(L1-L3: anterior rami of spinal nerves)

arises from posterior abdo wall and attaches to the greater/lesser trochanter of femur

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14
Q

Pectineus

A

(femoral n. L2,L3)
arises from pubis bone and attaches onto femur

= Thigh flexion, thigh adduction, thigh external rotation,

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15
Q

What is the main extensor of the hip joint?

A

Gluteus Maximus

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16
Q

What innervates the posterior muscles of the thigh?

A

muscles of hip extension
*Tibial division of sciatic nerve (L5 – S2)

apart from short head of biceps femoris (common fibular division of sciatic nerve (L5-S2))

17
Q

What muscles of the leg adduct?

A

Medial compartment of the thigh, mostly supplied by the obturator n. (apart from the posterior adductor magnus)

  • ADDUCTOR LONGUS (most medial)
  • GRACILIS (most medial)
  • ADDUCTOR BREVIS
  • ADDUCTOR MAGNUS (African Mouse Sneaks Out)
18
Q

What are the muscles of hip abduction and extra role?

A

Deep gluteal muscles

  1. GLUTEUS MEDIUS (sup glut n. L4, L5, S1)
  2. GLUTEUS MINIMUS (superior gluteal nerve L4, L5, S1)
  3. PIRIFORMIS (n. to piriformis S1, S2)
    travels down greater sciatic foramen inserting into greater tronchanter

+Stabilise gait by contracting when contra. leg raised off ground

19
Q

Muscles of external rotation

A

POOSQ

  1. PIRIFORMIS (n. to piriformis - Vent. Rami L5, S1, S2)
  2. OBTURATOR INTERNUS (Vent. Rami L5, S1, S2)
  3. OBTURAATOR EXT. (Obt. N. - L3 and L4)
  4. SUPERIOR & INFERIOR GAMELLI
  5. QUADRATUS FEMORIS
20
Q

Muscles of internal rotation

A

Ass & Groin (Vs POOSQ)

  1. TENSOR FAASCIA LATA (Superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)
  2. G MEDIUS & G. MINIMUS (Superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)
  3. ADDUCTOR LONGUS, BREVIS, MAGNUS (obturators L2-L4 + Tibial Sciatic S4)
  4. PECTINEUS (Femoral and Obturator N)
21
Q

What are the muscles of the anterior thigh

A

The quads are comprised of:
(all: Femoral nerve: posterior division.
but SARTORIUS - anterior division)

  1. RECTUS FEMORIS (most anterior)
  2. SARTORIOUS (most anterioromedial)
  3. VASTUS MEDIALIS
  4. VASTUS INTERMEDIUS
  5. VASTUS LATERALIS
  • unite to form the QUADRICEPS TENDON proximal to the patella
  • . Patellar tendon (distal to patella) and inserts into the the ANTERIOR TIBIAL TUBEROSITY
22
Q

Innervation of Vastus muscles

A
  1. VASTUS MEDIALIS
  2. VASTUS INTERMEDIUS
  3. VASTUS LATERALIS
    * L2,3,4 = posterior division of the femoral n.
23
Q

What is the action of the rectus femoris?

A

Flexion of the hip joint

+ knee ext.

24
Q

The Sartorius Muscle: passage & actons

A
  • most superficial in the ant. compartment
  • o: ASIS => pes aanserinus (medal tbia)

*travels down alongside GRACILS & SEMINTENDINOSUS

= FLEXION, LAT. ROT., ABDUCTION, KNEE FLEXION

25
Q

How do the muscles in the medial compartment act on the hip joint?

A

ADDUCTION

26
Q

Which n. innervates thee medial thigh muscles?

A

OBTURATOR N. (entrs via OBTURATOR FORAMEN)

27
Q

Medial muscles of the deep thigh

A
  1. ADDUCTOR BREVIS
  2. ADDUCTOR LONGUS
  3. ADDUCTOR CANAL = femoral vessels which pass into the popliteal fossa

B2 ANATOMY SEM2 (14 decks)

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