Upper limb and back: Brachium Flashcards
What are the muscles of the arm? (4)
ANTERIORLY:
-Biceps brachii m.
-Coracobrachialis m.
-Brachialis m.
POSTERIORLY:
-Triceps brachii m.
Common name of the:
a. Anterior brachial muscles
b. Posterior brachial muscles
a. Flexors
b. Extensors
Sheath of deep fascia,
encloses arm?
Brachial fascia
What is the brachial fascia continuous with both superiorly and inferiorly and what are the attachments of it?
-Superiorly continuous with the axillary, pectoral, deltoid and infraspinous fascia.
-Inferiorly continuous with the antebrachial fascia.
-Attached inferiorly to the epicondyles of the humerus and olecranon of ulna.
Structures that divide the arm into the anterior and posterior compartments?
2 intermuscular septa
Where do these septa extend from?
They extend from the deep surfaces of the brachial fascia to the medial and lateral supracondylar ridges of the humerus.
Which nerve supplies the anterior brachial muscles?
Musculocutaneous nerve
What do we call the aponeurosis from the tendon of biceps brachii, where does it attach to and why is it clinically important?
-We call it the bicipital aponeurosis.
-Attaches to the deep fascia of arm.
-It is NB bcs it:
-Forms the roof of the cubital fossa.
-Presses the median cubital vein against the skin, important for when you are drawing blood (identification).
What is the origin, insertion and action of the biceps brachii muscle?
ORIGIN
-Long head: Supraglenoid tubercle
-Short head: Tip of the coracoid process.
INSERTION
-Radial tuberosity
ACTION
-Supination
-Flexion of the forearm at the elbow joint.
-Flexion of the arm at the shoulder.
What is the origin, insertion and action of the coracobrachialis muscle?
ORIGIN
-Tip of the coracoid process.
INSERTION
-Mid-shaft of humerus
ACTION
-Flexion of the arm at the shoulder.
What is the origin, insertion and action of the brachial muscle?
ORIGIN
-Lower half of anterior shaft of humerus
INSERTION
-Ulnar tuberosity
ACTION
-Flexion of the forearm at the elbow joint
Innervation of the posterior brachial muscle (triceps)?
Radial nerve
What is the origin, insertion and action of the triceps brachii muscle?
ORIGIN
-Long head: Infraglenoid tubercle
-Lateral head: Superior posterior surface of shaft.
-Medial head: Inferior posterior surface of shaft.
INSERTION
-Margin of olecranon
ACTION
-Extensor of the forearm at the elbow joint.
-Extensor of the arm at the shoulder joint (only long head).
Which structures do you see when you reflect the lateral head of the triceps brachii muscle? (3)
-Medial head of the triceps brachii m.
-Radial nerve
-Profunda brachii artery.
At which point does the axillary artery changes to brachial artery?
Inferior border of teres major m.
At which point does the brachial artery bifurcate into the radial and ulna arteries?
At the elbow joint
What are the branches of the brachial artery? (4)
-Profunda brachii artery
-Ulna collateral arteries
-Muscular branches
-Nutrient artery to humerus
Which artery does the profunda brachii artery anastomose with?
The posterior humeral circumflex artery. (branch of the axillary artery)
The profunda brachii a. bifurcate to form which vessels?
-Radial and middle collateral aa.
Veins of the brachium.
-Basilic vein (medially)
-Cephalic vein (ant. laterally)
Where does these veins drain into?
Axillary vein
What forms the cubital fossa in terms of the:
a. Base
b. Medial border
c. Lateral border
d. Roof
e. Floor
a. Imaginary epicondylar line
b. Pronator teres m.
c. Brachioradialis m.
d. Skin, fascia, superficial nerves
Median cubital vein and bicipital aponeurosis
e. Brachialis m.
What are the contents of the cubital fossa from lateral to medial? (3)
-Biceps brachii m.
-Brachial artery
-Median nerve
Additional nerve that can be found in the cubital fossa (laterally)?
Radial nerve
