Thorax: Pericardium and external Surface of the heart Flashcards
What are the great vessels found in the middle mediastinum? (5)
Ascending aorta
Pulmonary trunk
Small portion of:
Pulmonary veins
IVC and SVC
Fibroserous sac which surrounds the heart and roots of great vessels
Pericardium
Two components of the pericardium
Fibrous pericardium
Serous pericardium
What is the fibrous pericardium attached to at the:
A. Apex
B. Base
C. Anterior
A. Adventitia of great blood vessels.
B. Central tendon of the diaphragm.
C. Posterior surface of sternum by sternopericardial ligaments.
Two layers of the serous pericardium
•Parietal layer: lines the inner surface of fibrous pericardium.
•Visceral layer: covers the heart.
Narrow space btwn the parietal and visceral layers of the serous pericardium
Pericardial cavity
Two reflections in the heart
Superiorly: covers the aorta and pulmonary trunk.
Posteriorly: covers the IVC and SVC and pulmonary veins.
Two sinuses in the heart
Oblique and transverse pericardial sinuses
Briefly explain the blood supply of the heart (4)
The fibrous and parietal layer of serous pericardium:
-Pericardiacophrenic artery (branch of internal thoracic artery).
-Musculophrenic artery (branch of internal thoracic artery).
-Inferior phrenic artery (branch of the thoracic aorta)
The visceral serous perecardium:
-Coronary arterial supply
Nerve supply of the pericardium
•Fibrous and parietal serous pericardium:
-Phrenic nerves
•Visceral serous pericardium:
-Cardiac plexus
Vertebral level of the base of the heart
-T5-T8, T6-T9 when standing.
Which part of the heart forms the apex
The inferolateral part of the left ventricle
Position of the apex
Deep to left 5th intercostal space
What separates the diaphragmatic surface from the base?
Coronary sinus
What are the margins/borders of the heart? (2)
Inferior margin: separates the anterior and diaphragmatic surfaces.
Obtuse margin: separates the anterior and left pulmonary surfaces.
External grooves which divides the heart into four chambers
External sulci
Which structure separates the atria from ventricles?
Coronary sulcus
Which two sulci separates the heart into ventricles
•Anterior interventricular sulcus: contains anterior interventricular artery and great cardiac vein, lies in the anterior surface.
•Posterior interventricular sulcus: contains posterior interventricular artery and middle cardiac vein, lies on the diaphragmatic surface.
What does the coronary sulcus consist of? (4)
-Right coronary artery
-Circumflex branch of the left coronary artery
-Small cardiac vein
-Coronary sinus
Arterial supply of the middle mediastinum (heart)?
Left and right coronary arteries which arise from the aortic sinuses of ascending aorta.
Three branches of the right coronary artery
-Sinu-atrial nodal branch
-Right marginal branch
-Posterior interventricular branch
Two branches of the left coronary artery
-Anterior interventricular branch
-Circumflex branch
Venous drainage of heart is through?
Cardiac veins
List the five types of cardiac veins?
-Greater cardiac vein
-Middle cardiac vein
-Smaller cardiac vein
-Anterior cardiac vein
-Posterior cardiac vein
Where do the cardiac veins drain into?
Coronary sinus
Which veins drain directly into the right atrium?
Anterior cardiac veins
Smallest cardiac veins
