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GNK 288 > Upper limb and back: Axilla > Flashcards

Upper limb and back: Axilla Flashcards

Axilla

1
Q

Give the medical term for the ff:
a. Armpit
b. Forearm
c. Little finger
d. Thumb
e. Index finger
f. Skin
g. Deep
h. Upper arm

A

a. Axilla
b. Antebrachium/ antebrachial
c. Digiti minimi
d. Pollicis
e. Indicis
f. Cutaneous
g. Profundus/ profunda
h. Brachium/ branchial

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2
Q

Briefly explain what an axilla is?

A

It is an armpit, which is a pyramidal space btwn the side of the chest and the upper arm, it serves as a passageway for the neurovascular structures to and from the upper arm.

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3
Q

What are the constituents of the axilla?

A

-Inlet and floor
-Walls (ant, post, lateral and medial)
-Contents

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4
Q

What structures are found in the:
a. anterior wall
b posterior wall
c. lateral wall
d. medial wall

A

a. Pectoralis major and minor muscles, subclavius muscle, pectoral and clavipectoral fascia.
b. Teres major, subscapularis and latissimus dorsi muscles, scapula.
c. Intertubercular sulcus of the humerus, coracobrachialis muscle and biceps brachii muscle.
d. Serratus anterior, intercostal muscles, ribs 1-4/5.

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5
Q

Margins that form the apex of the axilla? (3)

A

-Sup. border of the scapula
-Post. surface of the clavicle.
-Lateral border of the 1st rib.

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6
Q

A space where all the arteries, veins, nerves & lymph
pass to and from arm?

A

Cervico-axillary canal

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7
Q

Three layers of the axillary fossa? (from superficial to deep)

A

-Skin
-Subcutaneous fascia
- Deep (axillary) fascia

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8
Q

What causes retraction of
the skin of the base of the axilla inward
when the arm is abducted?

A

Fusion of lower part of the clavipectoral fascia and axillary fascia.

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9
Q

Two parts of the clavipectoral fascia?

A

-Costocoracoid membrane
-Suspensory ligament of axilla

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10
Q

Four structures that pass through the opening of the costocoracoid membrane?

A

-Lymphatic vessels
-Cephalic vein
-Thoraco-acromial trunk/its branches
-Lateral pectoral nerve

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11
Q

What are the borders of the deltopectoral triangle? (3)

A

-Pectoralis major m.
-Deltoid m.
-Clavicle

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12
Q

Which vessels pass through the deltopectoral triangle?

A

-Cephalic vein
-Deltoid branch thoraco-acromial trunk

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13
Q

What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of the subscapularis muscle?

A

ORIGIN
-Subscapular fossa
INSERTION
-Lesser tubercle of humerus
ACTION
- Medial rotation of the arm
-Stabilization of the shoulder joint (rotation cuff)
INNERVATION
-Superior and inferior subscapular nerves.

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14
Q

What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of the latissimus dorsi muscle?

A

ORIGIN
-Spinous processes of T7-L5.
-Posterior part of iliac crest.
-Rib 10-12
INSERTION
-Floor of intertubecular sulcus of humerus.
ACTION
-Extension, medial rotation and adduction of arm.
INNERVATION
-Thoracodorsal nerve

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15
Q

What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of the teres major muscle?

A

ORIGIN
-Lateral border of the scapula, close to inferior angle
INSERTION
-Medial lip of the intertubercular sulcus
ACTION
-Adduction and medial rotation of the arm
INNERVATION
-Inferior subscapular nerve

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16
Q

What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of the long head of the triceps brachii muscle?

A

ORIGIN
-Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula.
INSERTION
-Olecranon process of ulna.
ACTION
-Adductor and extensor of arm at the glenohumeral joint.
INNERVATION
-Radial nerve

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17
Q

What are the borders of the quadrangular space?

A

Sup. border- Teres minor m. (posterior view)
Sup. border- Subscapularis m. (anterior view)
Inf. border- Teres major m.
Lateral- Surgical neck of humerus
Medial- Long head of triceps brachii

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18
Q

What are the contents of the quadrangular space? (3)

A

-Axillary nerve
-Post. circumflex humeral artery and vein

19
Q

What are the borders of the triangular space?

A

Sup: Teres minor (posteriorly)
Sup: Subscapularis (anteriorly)
Inf: Teres major
Lateral: Long head of triceps brachii m.

20
Q

What are the contents of the triangular space?

A

Circumflex scapular artery and vein

21
Q

What are the borders of the triangular interval?

A

Sup: Teres major
Medial: Long head of triceps brachii m.
Lateral: Humerus shaft

22
Q

What are the contents of the triangular interval?

A

-Radial nerve
-Profunda brachii artery and associated veins.

23
Q

What are the attachments of the intertubercular sulcus?

A

Lateral lip: Pectoralis major m.
Floor: Latissimus dorsi m.
Medial lip: Teres major

24
Q

What are the contents of the axilla? (6)

A

-Axillary a. and v.
-Brachial plexus
-Lymphatics
-Short head of biceps brachii m.
-Coracobrachialis m.

25
Q

What does the first part of the axillary artery give rise to and where is it situated with relations to the pectoralis minor muscle?

A

Give rise to the superior thoracic artery.
Medial to the pectoralis minor m.

26
Q

What does the superior thoracic artery supply?

A

-Muscles of the 1st and 2nd intercostal spaces.
-Sup. part of serratus anterior.
-Subclavius m.

27
Q

What does the second part of the axillary artery give rise to and where is it situated with relations to the pectoralis muscle?

A

Give rise to the thoraco-acromial artery.
Posterior to the pectoralis minor m.
-Also give rise to the lateral thoracic artery.

28
Q

What are the branches of the thoraco-acromial artery and which parts do they supply?

A

-Clavicular branch: Subclavius m. and sternoclavicular joint.
-Pectoral branch: Pectoralis minor and major m.
-Acromial branch
-Deltoid branch: Deltoid m.

29
Q

Which parts does the lateral thoracic artery supply? (5)

A

-Pectoralis muscles
-Serratus anterior m.
-Intercostal muscles
-Axillary lymph nodes
-Lateral aspects of the breast.

30
Q

What does the third part of the axillary artery give rise to and where is it situated with relations to the pectoralis muscle?

A

-Subscapular artery with the branches: Circumflex scapular branch and thoracodorsal artery.
-Anterior circumflex humeral artery
-Posterior circumflex humeral artery

31
Q

What does the thoracodorsal and post. circumflex humeral arteries supply?

A

Thoracodorsal: Latissimus dorsi m.
Post. circumflex humeral artery: Glenohumeral joint and surrounding m. esp. the deltoid m.

32
Q

What are the three branches that anastomose at the acromion of scapula?

A

-Acromial branch from the thoraco-acromial artery (from the 2nd part of the axillary artery).
-Acromial branch from the post. humeral circumflex artery (3rd part of the axillary artery).
-Acromial branch from the suprascapular artery which is a branch from the thyrocervical trunk (branches from the subclavian artery).

33
Q

Which three branches anastomose at the body of the scapula?

A

-Suprascapular branch (arises from the thyrocervical trunk of the subclavian artery)
-Deep branch of the transverse cervical artery (arises from the thyrocervical trunk of the subclavian artery).
-Circumflex scapular artery (branch of the subscapular artery of the 3rd part of axillary artery).

34
Q

Which deep vein between the cephalic and basilic lies more medially?

A

Basilic vein

35
Q

At which point does the basilic vein form the subclavian vein?

A

At the outer border of the first rib.

36
Q

What are the first structures of the brachial plexus to enter the axilla?

A

Trunks

37
Q

Which nerve roots form the superior, middle and inferior trunks of the brachial plexus?

A

Sup. - C5 and C6.
Middle- C7
Inf. - C8 and T1

38
Q

The cords of the brachial plexus are related to which blood vessel?

A

Axillary a.

39
Q

Which nerve of the brachial plexus pierces the coracobrachialis muscle?

A

Musculocutaneous n.

40
Q

Which two flexor muscles of the antebrachium are supplied by the ulnar n. but not the median nerve?

A

-Flexor carpi ulnaris and the medial 1/2 of the flexor digitorium profundus.

41
Q

Which structure does the ulnar nerve passes anterior to in the wrist?

A

Flexor retinaculum

42
Q

True or False:
The radial nerve supplies only the muscles of the hand and no skin?

A

False, it supplies only the skin.

43
Q

Briefly discuss the lymphatic drainage of the upper limb.

A

TWO LYMPH VESSELS:
-Superficial and deep.
-Hand and forearm drain into the cubital lymph nodes.
-Drain into the lateral/humeral axillary lymph nodes.
-Superficial lymph travels with cephalic vein.
-Drains into apical axillary lymph nodes.

44
Q

List the pattern in which the lymph nodes drain into each other up to the apical.

A

-Anterior (pectoral), posterior (subscapular) and lateral (humeral) drain into the central lymph nodes.
-Central lymph nodes into the apical.

GNK 288 (22 decks)

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