Thorax: Pleurae And Lungs Flashcards
Two types of pleura
Parietal pleura: covers the pleural cavity.
Visceral pleura: covers the lungs.
What do we call the potential space between the visceral and parietal pleurae and what role does it play?
Pleural cavity/space space, it is responsible for reducing friction during respiratory movements.
Four parts of the parietal pleura
Diaphragmatic pleura
Costal pleura
Mediastinal pleura
Cervical pleura (capula)
What is the membrane that covers the superior cervical pleura?
Suprapleural membrane
What are the lateral, posterior and superior attachments of the suprapleural membrane?
Laterally attached to the medial margin of the first rib, posteriorly attached to the transverse process of C7, and receives muscle fibers from the deep neck muscles which keep the membrane taut (superiorly).
At which vertebral level does the mediastinal pleura reflect?
T5-T7
Explain the innervation for parietal pleura
-Has somatic afferent fibers
•Intercostal nerves: diaphragmatic, costal and cervical pleurae.
•Phrenic nerves: mediastinal and diaphragmatic pleurae.
-Sensitive to pain, temperature and pressure.
Explain the innervation of visceral pleura
-Has visceral afferent fibers
•Pulmonary plexus (sympathetic trunks and vagus nerves)
-Sensitive to stretching.
In which level is the pleural cavity at the:
A. Midclavicular line
B. Midaxillary line
C. Vertebral column
A. Rib 8
B. Rib 10
C. T12
What are the two pleural recesses we have?
Costomediastinal recess
Costodiaphragmatic recess
In which level is the inferior margin of the lung at:
A. Midclavicular line
B. Midaxillary line
C. Vertebral column
A. Rib 6
B. Rib 8
C. T10
Differences btwn the right and left main bronchi
Left
-Longer, narrower and courses more horizontally.
Right
-Shorter, wider and courses more vertically.
Differences btwn the right and left lobar bronchi
Left
-Has two bronchi, superior and inferior.
Right
-Has three, superior, middle and inferior.
Three surfaces of the lungs
Diaphragmatic surface
Costal surface
Mediastinal surface
Three borders of the lungs
Anterior, posterior and inferior borders
How are the structures of the borders
Anterior and inferior are sharp
Posterior is smooth and rounded
Components of the root of the lung
Main bronchi, 2 pulmonary veins, pulmonary artery, bronchial vessels, lymphatics and nerves.
Relations of the root of the lung
Anteriorly: Phrenic nerves
Posteriorly: Vagus nerves
Position of the oblique fissure of the right lung
-Begins at T4 spinous process
-Crosses the 5th intercostal space laterally.
-Follows curve of rib 6 anteriorly.
Position of the horizontal fissures (2)
Follows the 4th intercostal space from sternum.
Crosses rib 5 upon meeting with the oblique fissure.
Position of the oblique fissure of the left lung
-Begin btwn the spinous processes of T3 and T4.
-Crosses the 5th intercostal space laterally.
-Follows the curve of 6th rib anteriorly.
Two additional structures in the left lung only
Cardiac notch and lingula
In which lobe is the lingula found?
Superior lobe
Arterial supply to the lungs
-2 bronchial arteries on the left and 1 bronchial artery on the right.
