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Anatomy > Upper limb\ > Flashcards

Upper limb\ Flashcards

1
Q

What type of blood supply does the Scaphoid have?

A

Retrograde

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2
Q

what does the supraspinatus do?

A

first 15 degrees of abduction

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3
Q

Infraspinatus

A

external rotation

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4
Q

Subscapularis

A

Internal rotation and adduction

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5
Q

Teres Minor

A

external rotation

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6
Q

Anterior muscles of arm

A

Biceps Brachii, Brachialis, Coracobrachialis

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7
Q

Posterior muscles of arm

A

Triceps Brachii

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8
Q

Innervation of Biceps brachii

A

Musculocutaneous nerve

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9
Q

Innervation of Triceps brachii

A

Radial nerve

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10
Q

Innervation of Brachialis

A

Musculocutaneous nerve

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11
Q

Innervation of coracobrachialis

A

Musculocutaneous nerve

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12
Q

Anterior compartment of forearm muscles

A

Flexors, originate from medial epicondyle

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13
Q

Posterior compartment of forearm muscles

A

Extensors, originate from lateral epicondyle

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14
Q

Innervation of Anterior compartment

A

Median nerve

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15
Q

Innervation of Posterior compartment

A

Radial nerve

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16
Q

Innervation of flexor carpi ulnaris

A

Ulnar nerve

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17
Q

Innervation of flexor digitorum profundus

A

Ulnar and median nerves

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18
Q

Golfers’ elbow

A

Medial epicondylitis - overuse, pain on flexion

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19
Q

Tennis elbow

A

Lateral epicondylitis - overuse, pain on extension

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20
Q

Intratendinous bursa

A

Within the triceps brachii tendon

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21
Q

Subtendinous bursa

A

between the olecranon and triceps brachii tendon

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22
Q

Subcutaneous bursa

A

between the olecranon and overlying connective tissue

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23
Q

Ligaments of the elbow?

A

Radial collateral
Ulnar collateral
Annular

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24
Q

Location of radial collateral ligament

A

lateral epicondyle to annular ligament

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25
Q

Location of ulnar collateral ligament

A

medial epicondyle to olecranon and coronoid process

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26
Q

Annular ligament?

A

Encircles the radial head and stabilises it on supination and pronation

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27
Q

What is Nursemaid’s elbow?

A

Subluxation of annular ligament, so the radial head begins to slip out of it. Causes tenderness on palpation and pain on supination. Common in children from swinging with arms.

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28
Q

Brachial plexus

A

Nervous supply to upper limb

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29
Q

Musculocutaneous nerve root?

A

C5, C6 and C7

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30
Q

Axillary nerve root?

A

C5 and C6

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31
Q

Median nerve root?

A

C6, C7, C8 and T1

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32
Q

Radial nerve root?

A

C5, C6, C7, C8 and T1

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33
Q

Ulnar nerve root?

A

C8 and T1

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34
Q

Order of brachial plexus

A

Roots, trunks, divisions, cords, branches

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35
Q

Trunks?

A

Superior, middle and inferior

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36
Q

Divisions?

A

Anterior and posterior of superior, middle and inferior trunks to form 6 bundles

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37
Q

Cords?

A

Anterior superior and middle = Lateral
Posterior superior, middle and inferior = Posterior
Anterior inferior = Medial

38
Q

Branches of brachial plexus?

A 
Musculocutaneous
Axillary
Median
Radial 
Ulnar
39
Q

Where is the cubital tunnel?

A

At medial epicondyle

40
Q

What runs through the cubital tunnel?

A

Ulnar nerve

41
Q

What is cubital tunnel syndrome?

A

Compression/ pressure or stretching of ulnar nerve caused by fracture/ inflammation of medial epicondyle

42
Q

Sensory supply of musculocutaneous nerve

A

Gives rise to lateral cutaneous nerve and supplies lateral aspect of arm/ forearm

43
Q

Sensory supply of axillary nerve

A

Area of skin over lower deltoid, patch over should = Soldier’s badge

44
Q

Sensory supply of median nerve

A

Thumb, index and middle finger and associated palm, up to proximal interphalangeal joint on posterior surface

45
Q

Sensory supply of radial nerve

A

Posterior forearm and hand, except little finger and finger tips

46
Q

Sensory supply of ulnar nerve

A

Little finger and medial side of ring finger

47
Q

Ulnar claw hand?

A

Damage to ulnar nerve causing hand deformity, where Metacarpophalangeal joint extends but interphalangeal joints flex.

48
Q

Clinical presentation of damage to ulnar nerve?

A

Ulnar claw hand

49
Q

Motor supply from musculocutaneous nerve?

A

Arm flexes - coracobrachialis, brachialis and biceps brachii

50
Q

Motor supply from axillary nerve?

A

Deltoid and teres minor

51
Q

Motor supply from median nerve

A

Forearm flexors except FCU and hand muscles - thumb

52
Q

Motor supply from radial nerve

A

Extensors of arm - triceps brachii and forearm and hand

53
Q

Motor supply from ulnar nerve

A

Some flexors of forearm - FCU

Flexors of hand

54
Q

Carpal tunnel syndrome?

A

Compression of the median nerve.

55
Q

What test can be used to diagnose Carpal tunnel syndrome?

A

Tinel’s test

56
Q

Guyon’s canal

A

Ulnar nerve passes through it, located at carpal bones

57
Q

Dermatome

A

Area of skin innervated by a single spinal nerve

58
Q

Myotome

A

A group of muscles innervated by a single spinal nerve

59
Q

Erb’s palsy

A

Severing upper trunk of brachial plexus. Affects C5 and C6. Causes medial rotation and paralysis of arm. Can occur during childbirth

60
Q

Klumpke’s palsy

A

Severing lower trunk of brachial plexus causing claw hand (middle and index finger cannot extend). Can occur during childbirth

61
Q

hand of benediction

A

Compression of the median nerve at forearm or elbow, causing inability to flex the middle and index fingers

62
Q

Arterial supply to the arm

A

Subclavian, axillary, brachial, ulnar and radial.

63
Q

Arterial supply to the hand

A

the radial and ulnar arteries anastomose to form superficial and deep palmar arches

64
Q

Volkmann’s ischaemia

A

Lack of blood flow to arm from severing or occlusion causing abnormal flexion - claw hand. can be caused by compartment syndrome or trauma

65
Q

Superficial veins of upper limb

A

Cephalic and basilic

66
Q

Deep veins of upper limb

A

Brachial, ulnar and radial

67
Q

Where is a common site to take blood from/ venapuncture?

A

Median cubital vein

68
Q

Compartment syndrome

A

Fascia surrounds each muscle compartment and so when there is injury that causes significant swelling/ bleeding this can cause increased pressure which restricts blood flow to the muscles and damages the nerves and muscle fibres.

69
Q

Ligaments between scapula, clavicle and humerus?

A 
Coracoclavicular
Costoclavicular
Interclavicular
Acromioclavicular 
Coracohumeral
Glenohumeral
Transverse humeral
Sternoclavicular
70
Q

Transverse humeral

A

Between 2 tubercles of humerus

71
Q

Glenohumeral

A

3 = superior, middle and inferior between the glenoid cavity and humeral head

72
Q

Coracohumeral

A

Corocoid process to greater tubercle

73
Q

Coracoclavicular

A

Made up of 2 - conoid and trapezoid ligaments, between coracoid process and clavicle

74
Q

Acromioclavicular

A

between acromion and lateral clavicle

75
Q

What makes up the acromioclavicular joint?

A

Acromioclavicular and coracoclavicular ligaments

76
Q

Sternoclavicular

A

Anterior and posterior between manubrium and sternal end of clavicle

77
Q

Interclavicular

A

Between sternal ends of both clavicles

78
Q

Costoclavicular

A

between 1st rib and clavicle

79
Q

What makes up the sternoclavicular joint?

A

Sternoclavicular, costoclavicular and interclavicular ligaments

80
Q

What makes up the shoulder joint?

A

Glenohumeral, transverse humeral and coracohumeral ligaments

81
Q

Wrist joint ligaments?

A

Dorsal and palmar radiocarpal

Ulnar and radial collateral

82
Q

What type of joint is the wrist joint?

A

Ellipsoid synovial

83
Q

What type of joint is the shoulder?

A

Ball and socket synovial

84
Q

What type of joint is the elbow?

A

Hinge synovial

85
Q

Dorsal and palmar radiocarpal ligaments?

A

Go from the radius to both rows of carpals, palmar - anterior and dorsal - posterior

86
Q

Ulnar collateral ligament?

A

From ulnar styloid process to pisiform and triquetrum

87
Q

Radial collateral ligament?

A

From radial styloid process to scaphoid and trapezium

88
Q

Radioulnar joints

A

Distal - between ulnar notch of radius and ulnar head

Proximal - between radial notch of ulnar and radial head

89
Q

Ligaments of distal radioulnar joint?

A

Articular disc and dorsal and palmar radioulnar ligaments

90
Q

Ligaments of proximal radioulnar joint?

A

Annular radial ligament

91
Q

What type of joints are the radioulnar joints?

A

Synovial pivot joints

Allow supination and pronation

92
Q

blood supply to hand

A

the radial and ulnar arteries anastomose to form superficial and deep palmar arches

Anatomy (16 decks)

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