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Anatomy > Coronary artery circulation > Flashcards

Coronary artery circulation Flashcards

1
Q

how many coronary arteries are there?

A

2

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2
Q

how many cardiac veins are there?

A

3

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3
Q

what do coronary arteries do?

A

supply the myocardium with oxygen

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4
Q

what do cardiac veins do?

A

drain deoxygenated away from the myocardium

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5
Q

what are the 2 coronary arteries?

A

left and right coronary arteries

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6
Q

left coronary artery

A

arises from the aorta above the left cusp of the aortic valve
supplies the left side of the heart
branches into 2 or 3 arteries

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7
Q

right coronary artery

A

originates from above the right cusp of aortic valve

travels down the right coronary sulcus, towards the crux of the heart

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8
Q

what are the coronary arteries?

A 
right and left coronary arteries
anterior interventricular artert
circumflex artery
posterior interventricular artery - posterior descending 
right and left marginal artery
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9
Q

branches of left coronary artery

A

left anterior descending

left circumflex > left marginal

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10
Q

branches of right coronary artery

A

75% of people it gives off posterior descending artery
right marginal
sinoatrial nodal artery
atrioventricular nodal branch

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11
Q

coronary sinus

A

collection of veins joining together, draining blood from myocardium
drains into right atrium at coronary sinus orifice

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12
Q

where is the coronary sinus orifice

A

between inferior vena cava and tricuspid valv

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13
Q

what are the tributaries of the coronary sinus?

A

great cardiac vein
middle cardiac vein
small cardiac vein

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14
Q

what does the great cardiac vein drain?

A

apex of heart, left atrium and both ventricles

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15
Q

what does the middle cardiac vein drain?

A

posterior right atrium and ventricle

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16
Q

what does the small cardiac vein drain

A

begins at apex

17
Q

electrical conduction in the heart

A
  1. SAN generates impulses
  2. impulses pause at AVN for 0.1seconds
  3. AVN connects the atria and ventricles
  4. bundle branches - bundle of his conduct the impulses through the interventricular septum
  5. purkinje fibres depolarise the contractile cells of both ventricles
18
Q

how is heart rate controlled?

A

carotid body - contain chemoreceptors near the bifurcation of carotid artery. They detect changes in ppO2 and ppCO2
send feedback via branches of glossopharyngeal nerve
aortic body - chemoreceptors in aortic arch sends feedback via afferent branches of vagus nerve
carotid sinus - baroreceptors at base of internal carotid artery - innervated by a branch of glossopharyngeal nerve

19
Q

where in the brain controls the heart rate?

A

receptors send feedback to cardiorespiratory centres in medulla oblongata
which regulates autonomic control of heart rate and blood pressure via parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves

20
Q

what does the P wave represent?

A

atrial depolarisation

21
Q

what does the QRS complex represent?

A

ventricular depolarisation

22
Q

what does the T wave represent?

A

ventricular repolarisation

23
Q

How to treat an acute MI?

A

PCI - percutaneous coronary angioplasty

24
Q

what is PCI used for ?

A

open a blocked coronary artery - treat stenosis and restore arterial blood flow to heart tissue

25
Q

what is involved in a PCI?

A

coronary catheterisation - see vessels on x-ray
coronary angioplasty - balloon inflation to treat narrowing
stenting - keep vessel open

26
Q

where can a cardiac catheter be inserted?

A

groin or wrist

27
Q

arterial route of catheter via groin

A

femoral, external iliac, common iliac, aorta, left coronary and left anterior descending arteries

28
Q

arterial route of catheter via wrist

A

radial, brachial, axillary, subclavian, aorta, left coronary and left anterior descending arteries

29
Q

what is the widow maker?

A

blockage of left main coronary artery or left anterior descending artery
usually fatal

30
Q

treating MI/ blockage of coronary arteries

A

surgery to restore blood flow via CABG

31
Q

CABG

A

surgery to restore coronary artery blood flow

  1. left internal mammary artery is diverted to left anterior descending artery
  2. great saphenous vein is removed from a leg, one end is attached to the aorta and the other is attached to the obstructed artery immediately after the obstruction to restore blood flow
32
Q

what is cardiomegaly?

A

abnormal enlargement of the heart

33
Q

ECG for MI

A

ST elevation

34
Q

ECG for atrial fibrillation

A

no P waves

QRS normal but irregularly irregular

Anatomy (16 decks)

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