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Anatomy > Gait cycle > Flashcards

Gait cycle Flashcards

1
Q

what happens in the body in the standing position?

A 
errector spinae
iliopsoas
triceps surae
feet slightly splayed 
hips and knees extended 
ligaments taught
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2
Q

what does the iliotibial band do?

A

locks knee in hyperextension
rigid support pillar
stabilises knee extension and partial flexion in walking and running

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3
Q

what locks the knee in hyperextension?

A

iliotibial band

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4
Q

what does the popliteus do?

A

unlocks knee
lateral rotation of femur during stance
medially rotates tibia in swing
posterior pull on lateral meniscus preventing crushing in knee flexion

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5
Q

what are the phases of the gait cycle?

A

stance and swing phases

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6
Q

What is the stance phase?

A

60% of the gait cycle

divided into heel strike, support and toe-off

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7
Q

what is the swing phase?

A

40% cycle

divided into leg lift and swing

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8
Q

examples of pathological gaits?

A 
trendelenberg
foot drop
spastic paresis
hemiplegic
parkinson's 
choreiform
antalgic
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9
Q

ataxic gait

A 
caused be damage to cerebellum
uncoordinated 
unsteady 
staggering
wide based
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10
Q

foot drop

A

hard to make heel strike

non controlled slap

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11
Q

hemiplegic gait

A 
leg too long 
extension and internal rotation
compensated by circumduction
upper limb involvement
should adduction
flexion elbow 
pronation of wrist
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12
Q

parkinsonian gait

A 
hypokinetic - difficulty initiating
small shuffling steps
progressive increase in speed
hurrying 
difficulty stopping and turning
stooped posture
tremor
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13
Q

spastic paresis

A 
cerebral palsy
flexion of hips and knees 
adduction of hips
ankles plantarflexed and internally rotated 
paralysis of dorsiflexors
toe walking
swinging gait 
tightness of adductors - scissoring 
upper limbs involved
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14
Q

limb too long gait

A 
foot drop
pelvic tilt
paralysis/ contraction of soleus
waddling 
swing out - abduction
high stepping - extra hip and knee flexion
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15
Q

pes planus

A

flat foot

arch collapse

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16
Q

shin splints

A

anterior shin pain

compartment syndrome or stress fracture

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17
Q

ITB syndrome

A

long distance runners - overuse

causing pain on lateral side of knee

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18
Q

jumpers knee

A

inferior patella pain

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19
Q

heel strike

A

foot hits the ground - heel first

involves 3 muscles

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20
Q

what muscles are involved in heel strike?

A

gluteus maximus
quadriceps femoris
anterior compartment of the leg

21
Q

role of gluteus maximus in heel-strike

A

acts on hip to decelerate forward motion of lower limb

22
Q

role of quadriceps femoris in heel-strike

A

keeps the leg extended at knee and thigh flexed at hip

23
Q

role of anterior compartment of leg in heel-strike

A

maintains ankle dorsiflexed

which is the position of heel strike

24
Q

support

A

after heel-strike the rest of the foot hits the ground and muscles work to cope with the force passing through the leg

25
Q

what muscles are involved in support?

A

quadriceps femoris
foot inverters and everters
gluteus minimus, medius and tensor fascia lata

26
Q

role of quadriceps femoris in support

A

keep the thigh extended accepting the weight of the body

27
Q

role of foot inverters and everters in support

A

contract in balanced manner to stabilise the foot

28
Q

toe off

A

foot prepares to leave the ground - heel first

29
Q

what muscles are involved in toe-off?

A

hamstring muscles
quadriceps femoris
posterior compartment of leg

30
Q

role of hamstring muscles in toe-off

A

extends thigh at hip

31
Q

role of quadriceps femoris in toe-off?

A

maintains extension of knee

32
Q

role of posterior compartment of leg in toe off

A

plantarflexes ankle - gastrocnemius, soleus and tibialis posterior

33
Q

leg lift

A

once the foot has left the ground the lower limb is raised in preparation for swing

34
Q

what muscles are involved in leg lift?

A

iliopsoas and rectus femoris
hamstring muscles
anterior compartment of leg

35
Q

role of iliopsoas and rectus femoris in leg lift

A

flexes thigh at hip, driving the knee forwards

36
Q

role of hamstring muscles in leg lift

A

flexes leg at knee joint

37
Q

role of anterior compartment of leg in leg lift

A

dorsiflexes ankle

38
Q

swing

A

the raised leg is propelled forward

39
Q

what muscles are involved in swing?

A

iliopsoas and rectus femoris
quadriceps femoris
anterior compartment of leg

40
Q

role of ilipsoas and rectus femoris in swing

A

keep thigh flexed at hip

41
Q

role of quadriceps femoris in swing

A

extends leg at knee, positioning the foot for landing

42
Q

role of anterior compartment of the leg in swing

A

maintains ankle dorsiflexion so heel is in place for landing

43
Q

what can cause foot drop and why

A

fracture or trauma to head of fibula as the common fibular nerve wraps around the fibula head

44
Q

choreiform

A

irregular
jerky
involuntary movements

45
Q

antalgic gait

A

results from pain on weight bearing

shortened stance phase

46
Q

what causes slapping gait?

A

foot drop

47
Q

what is a sprain?

A

injury to a ligament

48
Q

what is a strain?

A

injury to muscle or tendon

Anatomy (16 decks)

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