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Anatomy > Imaging of the chest > Flashcards

Imaging of the chest Flashcards

1
Q

imaging of the chest

A

CXR - chest x-ray
CT
MRI
nuclear medicine - PET

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2
Q

AP

A

Anterior to posterior - magnifies mediastinal structures

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3
Q

PA

A

posterior to anterior

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4
Q

male vs female chest x-ray

A

denser in females due to breast tissue

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5
Q

parts of left lung

A

upper and lower lobe

lingula which is part of the upper left lobe

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6
Q

oblique fissure

A

T4/5 to bottom of lung

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7
Q

horizontal fissue

A

6th rib

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8
Q

what is a CTPA?

A

CT pulmonary angiogram - looks for pulmonary emboli by looking at pulmonary arteries

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9
Q

trachea

A

16-20 incomplete C or U shaped cartilage

down

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10
Q

cricoid cartilage level

A

C6

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11
Q

level of the carina

A

T4-6

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12
Q

carina

A

divides into right and left main bronchus

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13
Q

right upper lobe

A

3 segments

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14
Q

what are the segments of the right upper lobe?

A

apical

posterior and anterior

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15
Q

bronchus intermedius

A

right middle and lower lobe

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16
Q

right middle lobe

A

2 segments

medial and lateral

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17
Q

right lower lobe

A

5 segments

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18
Q

what are the segments of the right lower lobe?

A 
apical
anterior
posterior
lateral
medial
19
Q

left upper lobe

A

superior and inferior divisions

20
Q

superior divisions of left upper lobe

A

2 segments, anterior and apico-posterior

21
Q

inferior divisions of left upper lobe

A

lingular - 2 segments superior and inferior

22
Q

left lower lobe

A

4 segments

23
Q

what are the segments of the left lower lobe?

A

apical
anteromedial
posterior
lateral

24
Q

what is the bronchus intermedius?

A

one of the 2 bronchi which the right main bronchus bifurcates into, the other is the right upper lobe bronchus

25
Q

insertions of the diaphragm

A

vertebral
costal
sternal

26
Q

openings of the diaphragm

A

aortic
oesophageal
caval

27
Q

vertebral insertions

A

right and left crus

L1-3

28
Q

costal insertions

A

lower 6 ribs and costal cartilages

29
Q

sternal insertions

A

posterior aspect of xiphisternum

30
Q

aortic openings

A

T12
thoracic duct, azygos and heimazygos veins
T12

31
Q

oesophageal openings

A

vagus nerve
oesophageal arteries
T10

32
Q

caval openings

A

right phrenic nerve

T8

33
Q

what is the pulmonary trunk?

A

major vessel of the heart that originates from the right ventricle. It branches into the right and left pulmonary arteries which leads to the lungs

34
Q

V/Q scan

A

ventilation-perfusion scan

35
Q

what is V/Q scanning

A

looking for perfusion abnormality and pulmonary emboli

36
Q

why do V/Q in pregnant women

A

dose of radiation same as CT but less concentrated on developing breast tissue as in CT there is increased risk of tumour

37
Q

how to do V/Q scanning?

A

gases inhaled
scan for ventilation.
inject technitium for perfusion, which is picked up by gamma camera

38
Q

Normal Ventilation scan

A

radioactive compounds that are inhaled are distributed evenly

39
Q

normal perfusion scan

A

technitium should reach all of lung, where it doesn’t there is lack of perfusion, usually due to pulmonary embolism

40
Q

what are the differences between normal and abnormal V/Q scans?

A

evenly greyish black normally but patchy when abnormal or area of white

41
Q

what is the diagnosis when ventilation is normal but perfusion is . abnormal?

A

pulmonary embolism

42
Q

diagnosis when perfusion is normal and ventilation is abnormal?

A

lung pathology where something is taking up lung tissue that shouldn’t be

43
Q

mismatching

A

when perfusion and ventilation scans are not both normal

Anatomy (16 decks)

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