embryology of reproductive system Flashcards
<p>What are the male gonads and what do they do?</p>
<p>testessecrete hormones and produce sperm</p>
<p>what makes up the ductal system?</p>
<p>epididymisductus deferensejaculatory ductspenis and urethra</p>
<p>what does the ductal system do?</p>
<p>transport and store sperm, assist in maturation and deliver it in semen to female RT</p>
<p>spermatic cord</p>
<p>contains ductus deferencetesticular artery and vein and autonomic nerves, lymph vessels and cremaster muscle - surrounded by fascia</p>
<p>what are the male accessory glands?</p>
<p>seminal vesicles prostatebulbourethral glandsscrotum</p>
<p>what do the seminal vesicles do?</p>
<p>secrete seminal fluid</p>
<p>what does the prostate do?</p>
<p>secretions that contribute to semen</p>
<p>what does the bulbourethral gland do?</p>
<p>secretions contribute to semen</p>
<p>what does the scrotum do?</p>
<p>supports testes</p>
<p>what can go wrong in the MRS</p>
<p>hydrocele of scrotumscrotal herniaspermatogenesis testicular torsionundescended testisvasectomy for sterilisationinfertilityimpotencecongenital malformationsspread of infections</p>
<p>what are the female gonads?</p>
<p>ovaries</p>
<p>what do the ovaries do?</p>
<p>produce gametes - oocytes and secrete hormones</p>
<p>what makes up the female reproductive system?</p>
<p>ovaries uterine/ fallopian tubes uterus vagina cervix</p>
<p>what do the uterine tubes do?</p>
<p>transport sperm and oocytes for fertilisation</p>
<p>what does the uterus do?</p>
<p>serves as the pathway for transport of sperm and site of implantation for fertilised ovum</p>
<p>what supports the ovaries, uterine tubes and uterus?</p>
<p>peritoneal folds and ligaments</p>
<p>what does the vagina do?</p>
<p>receives the penis during sexoutlet for menstrual flow and passageway for birth</p>
<p>what is the female external genitalia?</p>
<p>vulva/ pudendum</p>
<p>what makes up the vulva?</p>
<p>mons bubislabia majoralabia minoraclitorisvestibule</p>
<p>what is the vestibule</p>
<p>region between the 2 labia minora</p>
<p>accessory glands in female?</p>
<p>paraurethral glandsgreater vestibular/ bartholin's glandsbulb of vestibule</p>
<p>clinical context for FRS</p>
<p>oogenesisovarian cyst/ tumourtubal ligation for sterilisationtubal block in infertilityuterine prolapsehysterectomy congenital malformationsspread of infections</p>
<p>female version of testes</p>
<p>ovaries</p>
<p>female version of sperm cell</p>
<p>ovum</p>
female version of scrotum
labia majora
female version of spongy urethra
labia minora
female version of intermediate urethra
vestibule
female version of corpus spongiosum penis and bulb of penis
bulb of vestibule
female version of glans penis and corpora cavernosa
clitoris
female version of prostate
paraurethral glands
female version of bulbourethral glands
greater vestibular glands
male version of ovaries
testes
male version of ovum
sperm cell
male version of labia majora
scrotum
male version of labia minora
spongy urethra
male version of vestibule
intermediate urethra
male version of bulb of vestibule
corpus spongiosum penis and bulb of penis
male version of clitoris
glans penis and corpora cavernosa
male version of paraurethral glands
prostate
male version of greater vestibular glands
bulbourethral glands
origin of reproductive system
shared common structural origin with urinary system
what germs layers is the reproductive system generated from?
mesoderm endoderm
what structures do the urogenital systems develop from
mesonephric system cloaca
what is the mesonephric system?
from intermediate mesoderm germ layer
what is the cloaca?
part of the distal portion of embryonic hindgut from the endodermal germ layer
what does the mesonephric system do?
contributes to renal tubules, ureter, reproductive ductal system, uterine canal and vagin
what does the cloaca do?
contributes to the urinary bladder, urethra, vagina and external genitalia
indifferent gonads
located in the posterior abdominal wall as gonadal ridges form a longitudinal urogenital ridge with mesonephros
when do the gonads acquire sexual characteristics?
6th/ 7th week
formation of male gonads
influenced by genes and hormonesprimitive sex cords form the testis from the 6th-8th week of development
formation of female gonads
influenced by genes and hormones primitive sex cords form ovaries from the 6-8th week of development
what are the 2 pairs of ducts in both male and female embryos?
mesonephric or WolffianParamesonephric or Mullerian
what happens in a genetically male embryo?
the paramesonephric ducts degeneratemesonephric ducts form: epididymis ductus deferens seminal vesicleejaculatory duct
what happens in a genetically female embryo?
mesonephric ducts degenerate the paramesonephric ducts form:uterine tubesuteruscervix of uterus upper part of vagina
how is the uterus formed?
fusion and canalisation of part of the 2 paramesonephric ducts to form uterus contributes to formation of upper vagina
what forms the uterine tubes?
unfused parts of paramesonephric ducts
what forms the vagina?
paramesonephric ductsurogenital sinus of the cloaca
formation of vagina from cloaca?
during 4th-8th week the cloaca divides into the urogenital sinus and anal canal
what does the urogenital sinus form?
urinary bladder urethra prostate glandurethral and paraurethral glandsvaginaexternal genitalia
formation of the vagina from urogenital sinus
outgrowth of urogenital sinus - sinovaginal bulbs, fuses with solid caudal tip of paramesonephric duct forms a solid vaginal plate which is canalised
formation of external genitalia
from 3rd - 6th week the male and female are the same
genital tubercle genital swelling cloacal fold cloacal membrane anal folds urethral folds ```
