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Anatomy > embryology of reproductive system > Flashcards

embryology of reproductive system Flashcards

1
Q

<p>What are the male gonads and what do they do?</p>

A

<p>testessecrete hormones and produce sperm</p>

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2
Q

<p>what makes up the ductal system?</p>

A

<p>epididymisductus deferensejaculatory ductspenis and urethra</p>

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3
Q

<p>what does the ductal system do?</p>

A

<p>transport and store sperm, assist in maturation and deliver it in semen to female RT</p>

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4
Q

<p>spermatic cord</p>

A

<p>contains ductus deferencetesticular artery and vein and autonomic nerves, lymph vessels and cremaster muscle - surrounded by fascia</p>

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5
Q

<p>what are the male accessory glands?</p>

A

<p>seminal vesicles prostatebulbourethral glandsscrotum</p>

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6
Q

<p>what do the seminal vesicles do?</p>

A

<p>secrete seminal fluid</p>

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7
Q

<p>what does the prostate do?</p>

A

<p>secretions that contribute to semen</p>

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8
Q

<p>what does the bulbourethral gland do?</p>

A

<p>secretions contribute to semen</p>

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9
Q

<p>what does the scrotum do?</p>

A

<p>supports testes</p>

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10
Q

<p>what can go wrong in the MRS</p>

A

<p>hydrocele of scrotumscrotal herniaspermatogenesis testicular torsionundescended testisvasectomy for sterilisationinfertilityimpotencecongenital malformationsspread of infections</p>

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11
Q

<p>what are the female gonads?</p>

A

<p>ovaries</p>

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12
Q

<p>what do the ovaries do?</p>

A

<p>produce gametes - oocytes and secrete hormones</p>

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13
Q

<p>what makes up the female reproductive system?</p>

A

<p>ovaries uterine/ fallopian tubes uterus vagina cervix</p>

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14
Q

<p>what do the uterine tubes do?</p>

A

<p>transport sperm and oocytes for fertilisation</p>

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15
Q

<p>what does the uterus do?</p>

A

<p>serves as the pathway for transport of sperm and site of implantation for fertilised ovum</p>

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16
Q

<p>what supports the ovaries, uterine tubes and uterus?</p>

A

<p>peritoneal folds and ligaments</p>

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17
Q

<p>what does the vagina do?</p>

A

<p>receives the penis during sexoutlet for menstrual flow and passageway for birth</p>

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18
Q

<p>what is the female external genitalia?</p>

A

<p>vulva/ pudendum</p>

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19
Q

<p>what makes up the vulva?</p>

A

<p>mons bubislabia majoralabia minoraclitorisvestibule</p>

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20
Q

<p>what is the vestibule</p>

A

<p>region between the 2 labia minora</p>

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21
Q

<p>accessory glands in female?</p>

A

<p>paraurethral glandsgreater vestibular/ bartholin's glandsbulb of vestibule</p>

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22
Q

<p>clinical context for FRS</p>

A

<p>oogenesisovarian cyst/ tumourtubal ligation for sterilisationtubal block in infertilityuterine prolapsehysterectomy congenital malformationsspread of infections</p>

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23
Q

<p>female version of testes</p>

A

<p>ovaries</p>

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24
Q

<p>female version of sperm cell</p>

A

<p>ovum</p>

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25
Q

<p>female version of scrotum</p>

A

<p>labia majora</p>

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26
Q

<p>female version of spongy urethra</p>

A

<p>labia minora</p>

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27
Q

<p>female version of intermediate urethra</p>

A

<p>vestibule</p>

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28
Q

<p>female version of corpus spongiosum penis and bulb of penis</p>

A

<p>bulb of vestibule</p>

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29
Q

<p>female version of glans penis and corpora cavernosa</p>

A

<p>clitoris</p>

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30
Q

<p>female version of prostate</p>

A

<p>paraurethral glands</p>

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31
Q

<p>female version of bulbourethral glands</p>

A

<p>greater vestibular glands</p>

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32
Q

<p>male version of ovaries</p>

A

<p>testes</p>

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33
Q

<p>male version of ovum</p>

A

<p>sperm cell</p>

34
Q

<p>male version of labia majora</p>

A

<p>scrotum</p>

35
Q

<p>male version of labia minora</p>

A

<p>spongy urethra</p>

36
Q

<p>male version of vestibule</p>

A

<p>intermediate urethra</p>

37
Q

<p>male version of bulb of vestibule</p>

A

<p>corpus spongiosum penis and bulb of penis</p>

38
Q

<p>male version of clitoris</p>

A

<p>glans penis and corpora cavernosa</p>

39
Q

<p>male version of paraurethral glands</p>

A

<p>prostate</p>

40
Q

<p>male version of greater vestibular glands</p>

A

<p>bulbourethral glands</p>

41
Q

<p>origin of reproductive system</p>

A

<p>shared common structural origin with urinary system</p>

42
Q

<p>what germs layers is the reproductive system generated from?</p>

A

<p>mesoderm endoderm</p>

43
Q

<p>what structures do the urogenital systems develop from</p>

A

<p>mesonephric system cloaca</p>

44
Q

<p>what is the mesonephric system?</p>

A

<p>from intermediate mesoderm germ layer</p>

45
Q

<p>what is the cloaca?</p>

A

<p>part of the distal portion of embryonic hindgut from the endodermal germ layer</p>

46
Q

<p>what does the mesonephric system do?</p>

A

<p>contributes to renal tubules, ureter, reproductive ductal system, uterine canal and vagin</p>

47
Q

<p>what does the cloaca do?</p>

A

<p>contributes to the urinary bladder, urethra, vagina and external genitalia</p>

48
Q

<p>indifferent gonads</p>

A

<p>located in the posterior abdominal wall as gonadal ridges form a longitudinal urogenital ridge with mesonephros</p>

49
Q

<p>when do the gonads acquire sexual characteristics?</p>

A

<p>6th/ 7th week</p>

50
Q

<p>formation of male gonads</p>

A

<p>influenced by genes and hormonesprimitive sex cords form the testis from the 6th-8th week of development</p>

51
Q

<p>formation of female gonads</p>

A

<p>influenced by genes and hormones primitive sex cords form ovaries from the 6-8th week of development</p>

52
Q

<p>what are the 2 pairs of ducts in both male and female embryos?</p>

A

<p>mesonephric or WolffianParamesonephric or Mullerian</p>

53
Q

<p>what happens in a genetically male embryo?</p>

A

<p>the paramesonephric ducts degeneratemesonephric ducts form: epididymis ductus deferens seminal vesicleejaculatory duct</p>

54
Q

<p>what happens in a genetically female embryo?</p>

A

<p>mesonephric ducts degenerate the paramesonephric ducts form:uterine tubesuteruscervix of uterus upper part of vagina</p>

55
Q

<p>how is the uterus formed?</p>

A

<p>fusion and canalisation of part of the 2 paramesonephric ducts to form uterus contributes to formation of upper vagina</p>

56
Q

<p>what forms the uterine tubes?</p>

A

<p>unfused parts of paramesonephric ducts</p>

57
Q

<p>what forms the vagina?</p>

A

<p>paramesonephric ductsurogenital sinus of the cloaca</p>

58
Q

<p>formation of vagina from cloaca?</p>

A

<p>during 4th-8th week the cloaca divides into the urogenital sinus and anal canal</p>

59
Q

<p>what does the urogenital sinus form?</p>

A

<p>urinary bladder urethra prostate glandurethral and paraurethral glandsvaginaexternal genitalia</p>

60
Q

<p>formation of the vagina from urogenital sinus</p>

A

<p>outgrowth of urogenital sinus - sinovaginal bulbs, fuses with solid caudal tip of paramesonephric duct forms a solid vaginal plate which is canalised</p>

61
Q

<p>formation of external genitalia</p>

A 
<p>from 3rd - 6th week the male and female are the same</p>
genital tubercle
genital swelling
cloacal fold
cloacal membrane
anal folds
urethral folds
62
Q

how does male external genitalia form?

A

under the influence of hormones:
- genital tubercle forms phallus
urethral folds fuse to form penile urethra
genital swellings fuse to form scrotum

63
Q

how does female external genitalia form?

A

under the influence of hormones:
- genital tubercle forms clitoris
urethral folds fail to fuse and form labia minora
genital swellings fail to fuse and form labia majora
urogenital groove between urethral folds remains open and forms vestibule of vagina

64
Q

descent of gonads

A

testes and ovaries are formed at T10 level in posterior abdominal wall
both descend by the ligamentous cord - gubernaculum

65
Q

congenital malformations

A

often involve both the reproductive and urinary systems as they have a shared embryological origin

66
Q

congenital malformations of reproductive organs

A

uterine and vaginal defects
bifid/ double penis
hernias
cryptorchidism

67
Q

what is cryptorchidism

A

where one or both testes fail to descend

68
Q

what could undescended testis cause

A

abdominal mass

69
Q

where does most of the vascular supply of both reproductive systems come from?

A

branches from abdominal aorta and internal iliac arteries

70
Q

what is the innervation of the uterus and vagina?

A

parasympathetic fibres by pelvic splanchnic nerve - motor

71
Q

what is the nerve root of the pelvic splanchnic nerve?

A

S2-4

72
Q

anterior division of internal iliac artery

A 
uterine artery 
vaginal artery 
inferior vesical - male only 
superior vesical - male only 
middle rectal 
internal pudendal
73
Q

what artery branches from abdominal aorta?

A

testicular / ovarian artery

74
Q

where is the ureter in relation to arteries

A

runs underneath the uterine artery

75
Q

venous supply of reproductive system

A

closely follow arteries

76
Q

what is the blood supply to the vagina?

A

internal iliac artery

77
Q

innervation of vagina, uterus and cervix

A

uterovaginal nerve plexus

78
Q

blood supply to uterus

A

uterine artery

79
Q

pain from intraperitoneal structures

A

above pelvic pain line - T12 to L2 via sympathetic fibres

80
Q

pain from subperitoneal structures

A

below pelvic pain line

goes to S2-4 via parasympathetic fibres

81
Q

somatic sensation of vagina

A

S2-4 via pudendal nerve

82
Q

damage to nerves causes

A

impotence

incontinence

Anatomy (16 decks)

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