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Anatomy > Reproductive and embryological origin > Flashcards

Reproductive and embryological origin Flashcards

1
Q

What are the male gonads and what do they do?

A

testes secrete hormones and produce sperm

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2
Q

what makes up the ductal system?

A

epididymis ductus deferens ejaculatory ducts penis and urethra

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3
Q

what does the ductal system do?

A

transport and store sperm, assist in maturation and deliver it in semen to female RT

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4
Q

spermatic cord

A

contains ductus deference testicular artery and vein and autonomic nerves, lymph vessels and cremaster muscle - surrounded by fascia

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5
Q

what are the male accessory glands?

A

seminal vesicles prostate bulbourethral glands scrotum

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6
Q

what do the seminal vesicles do?

A

secrete seminal fluid

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7
Q

what does the prostate do?

A

secretions that contribute to semen

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8
Q

what does the bulbourethral gland do?

A

secretions contribute to semen

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9
Q

what does the scrotum do?

A

supports testes

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10
Q

what can go wrong in the MRS

A

hydrocele of scrotum scrotal hernia spermatogenesis testicular torsion undescended testis vasectomy for sterilisation infertility impotence congenital malformations spread of infections

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11
Q

what are the female gonads?

A

ovaries

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12
Q

what do the ovaries do?

A

produce gametes - oocytes and secrete hormones

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13
Q

what makes up the female reproductive system?

A

ovaries uterine/ fallopian tubes uterus vagina cervix

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14
Q

what do the uterine tubes do?

A

transport sperm and oocytes for fertilisation

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15
Q

what does the uterus do?

A

serves as the pathway for transport of sperm and site of implantation for fertilised ovum

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16
Q

what supports the ovaries, uterine tubes and uterus?

A

peritoneal folds and ligaments

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17
Q

what does the vagina do?

A

receives the penis during sex outlet for menstrual flow and passageway for birth

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18
Q

what is the female external genitalia?

A

vulva/ pudendum

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19
Q

what makes up the vulva?

A

mons bubis labia majora labia minora clitoris vestibule

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20
Q

what is the vestibule

A

region between the 2 labia minora

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21
Q

accessory glands in female?

A

paraurethral glands greater vestibular/ bartholin’s glands bulb of vestibule

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22
Q

clinical context for FRS

A

oogenesis ovarian cyst/ tumour tubal ligation for sterilisation tubal block in infertility uterine prolapse hysterectomy congenital malformations spread of infections

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23
Q

female version of testes

A

ovaries

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24
Q

female version of sperm cell

A

ovum

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25
Q

female version of scrotum

A

labia majora

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26
Q

female version of spongy urethra

A

labia minora

27
Q

female version of intermediate urethra

A

vestibule

28
Q

female version of corpus spongiosum penis and bulb of penis

A

bulb of vestibule

29
Q

female version of glans penis and corpora cavernosa

A

clitoris

30
Q

female version of prostate

A

paraurethral glands

31
Q

female version of bulbourethral glands

A

greater vestibular glands

32
Q

male version of ovaries

A

testes

33
Q

male version of ovum

A

sperm cell

34
Q

male version of labia majora

A

scrotum

35
Q

male version of labia minora

A

spongy urethra

36
Q

male version of vestibule

A

intermediate urethra

37
Q

male version of bulb of vestibule

A

corpus spongiosum penis and bulb of penis

38
Q

male version of clitoris

A

glans penis and corpora cavernosa

39
Q

male version of paraurethral glands

A

prostate

40
Q

male version of greater vestibular glands

A

bulbourethral glands

41
Q

origin of reproductive system

A

shared common structural origin with urinary system

42
Q

what germs layers is the reproductive system generated from?

A

mesoderm endoderm

43
Q

what structures do the urogenital systems develop from

A

mesonephric system cloaca

44
Q

what is the mesonephric system?

A

from intermediate mesoderm germ layer

45
Q

what is the cloaca?

A

part of the distal portion of embryonic hindgut from the endodermal germ layer

46
Q

what does the mesonephric system do?

A

contributes to renal tubules, ureter, reproductive ductal system, uterine canal and vagin

47
Q

what does the cloaca do?

A

contributes to the urinary bladder, urethra, vagina and external genitalia

48
Q

indifferent gonads

A

located in the posterior abdominal wall as gonadal ridges form a longitudinal urogenital ridge with mesonephros

49
Q

when do the gonads acquire sexual characteristics?

A

6th/ 7th week

50
Q

formation of male gonads

A

influenced by genes and hormones primitive sex cords form the testis from the 6th-8th week of development

51
Q

formation of female gonads

A

influenced by genes and hormones primitive sex cords form ovaries from the 6-8th week of development

52
Q

what are the 2 pairs of ducts in both male and female embryos?

A

mesonephric or Wolffian Paramesonephric or Mullerian

53
Q

what happens in a genetically male embryo?

A

the paramesonephric ducts degenerate mesonephric ducts form: epididymis ductus deferens seminal vesicle ejaculatory duct

54
Q

what happens in a genetically female embryo?

A

mesonephric ducts degenerate the paramesonephric ducts form: uterine tubes uterus cervix of uterus upper part of vagina

55
Q

how is the uterus formed?

A

fusion and canalisation of part of the 2 paramesonephric ducts to form uterus contributes to formation of upper vagina

56
Q

what forms the uterine tubes?

A

unfused parts of paramesonephric ducts

57
Q

what forms the vagina?

A

paramesonephric ducts urogenital sinus of the cloaca

58
Q

formation of vagina from cloaca?

A

during 4th-8th week the cloaca divides into the urogenital sinus and anal canal

59
Q

what does the urogenital sinus form?

A

urinary bladder urethra prostate gland urethral and paraurethral glands vagina external genitalia

60
Q

formation of the vagina from urogenital sinus

A

outgrowth of urogenital sinus - sinovaginal bulbs, fuses with solid caudal tip of paramesonephric duct forms a solid vaginal plate which is canalised

61
Q

formation of external genitalia

A

from 3rd - 6th week the male and female are the same

62
Q
A
63
Q
A

Anatomy (16 decks)

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