Upper Limb

Question 1

joints of UL

Answer 1

1. acromioclavicular jt: shoulder attachment
2. glenohumeral jt: allows arm to move around 3 axes and do movements (flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, med and lat rotation, circumduction)
3. elbow jt: major movements at elbow (flexion and extension of forearm), pronation= lat bone flips over medial
4. wrist jt: allows for abduction, adduction, flexion, extension, circum

Question 2

areas of transition

Answer 2

1. axilla: irregularly shapes pyramidal area formed ny shoulder mm/bones and lat thoracic wall
2. cubital fossa: triangular depression ant to elbow formed by mm, brachial a, and med n
3. carpel tunnel: post, lat, and med walls form and arch made of small carpel bones in proximal hand

Question 3

what large nerve system innervated UL?

Answer 3

brachial plexus

Question 4

what forms the brachial plexus

Answer 4

anterior rami of cervical spinal nn C5-C8, T1

Question 5

superficial structures of UL

Answer 5

1. cutaneous nn: brs of brachial plexus deep to deep fascia

2. superficial vv: visible thru skin, tributaries to deep vv beneath deep fascia

Question 6

dermatome innervations of UL

Answer 6

C5: upper lat arm
C6: pad of thumb
C7: pad of index finger
C8: pad of pinky finger
T1: skin of med elbow

Question 7

superficial vv

Answer 7

1. cephalic v
2. basilic v
3. median cubital v
4. dorsal venous arch of hand

Question 8

cephalic v

Answer 8

drains posterior/lateral UL, runs in deltopectoral grovve and pierces deep fascia, tributary to axillary v

Question 9

basilic v

Answer 9

drains anterior/medial UL, pierces deep fascia of arm, trib to axillary v

Question 10

median cubital v

Answer 10

connects basilic and cephalic vv, IV vein

Question 11

dorsal venous arch of hand

Answer 11

drains superficial dorsal vv of ahnd, trib to cephalic and basilic vv, dorsal vv can be used for IV but painful

Question 12

deep fascia of arm

Answer 12

(brachial fascia)
connected to humerus by med and lat fascial septa, created ant and post compartments, major a and v of UL passes between thorax and UL by passing OVER rib 1 and thru axillary inlet

Question 13

mm of anterior compartment of arm

Answer 13

1. biceps brachii
2. coracobrachialis
3. brachialis

Question 14

biceps brachii

Answer 14

A: flexes and supinates forearm (slight arm flexion)
N: musculocut n. and brachial vessels

long and lat heads

Question 15

coracobrachialis

Answer 15

A: flexes arm
N: musculocut n, brachial vessels

Question 16

brachialis

Answer 16

deep to biceps brachii
A: flexes forearm
N: radial and musculocut nn and brachial vessels

Question 17

posterior compartment of arm

Answer 17

triceps brachii (long, lat and med heads)

A: extends forearm
N: radial n and deep brachial vessels

Question 18

what does the cubital fossa contain?

Answer 18

biceps brachii tendon, brachial a, median n

forearm flexors medial to fossa
forearm extensors lateral to fossa