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Anatomy Exam III > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

components of integumentary system

A
  1. skin

2. epidermal derivatives

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2
Q

major functions of integumentary system

A
  1. protective
  2. immunologic
  3. homeostasis
  4. sensory
  5. endocrine
  6. exocrine
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3
Q

two principle layers of skin

A
  1. epidermis

2. dermis

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4
Q

what tissue type is present in the epidermis?

A

keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

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5
Q

what germ later is the epidermis derived from?

A

ectoderm

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6
Q

what tissue type is found in the dermis?

A

connective tissue

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7
Q

what germ layer is the dermis derived from?

A

mesoderm

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8
Q

what is deep to the skin, and what is it composed of?

A

Hypodermis/subcutaneous layer/ subcutaneous fascia

vascularized adipose tissue

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9
Q

thick vs thin skin

A

thick: on palms of hands and soles of feet, hairless, thicker epidermis
thin: everywhere thick isn’t, hair follicles present, thinner epidermis

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10
Q

Epidermal layers

A
  1. stratum basale
  2. stratum spinosum
  3. stratum granulosum
  4. stratum lucidum (only in THICK skin)
  5. stratum corneum
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11
Q

cells found in the epidermis

A

keratinocytes (85%)
melanocytes (5%)
langerhan’ cells (2-5%)
merkel’s cells (6-10%)

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12
Q

keratinocytes

A

principles cell type of epidermis, produce keratins (structural protein of epidermis), produce lamellar bodies,

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13
Q

lamellar bodies

A

tubular/ovoid shaped membrane bound organelles, contain lipid,form water barrier

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14
Q

stratum basale

A

single layer of basophilic cells, simple cuboidal/simple low columnar, mititically active, contain stem cells, production of intermediate filaments (tonofilaments) begins

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15
Q

stratum spinosum

A

keratinocytes exhibit spines, cell processes attaches to adjacent cells via desmosomes, tonofilments –> tonofibrials (via keratohyalin) begins, lamellar bodies form

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16
Q

stratum granulosum

A

intensely basophilic, tonofibrils complete, keratinization occurs, lamellar bodies released

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17
Q

keratinization

A

conversion of granular cells into cornified cells

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18
Q

stratum lucidum

A

only in thick skin, thin translucent layeer of eosinophilic cells, nucleus and cytoplasmic organelles disappear

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19
Q

stratum corneum

A

nuclei and cytoplasmic organelles absent, 85% filled w/ keratin, cells at surface sloughed off, glycolipids in EC space

20
Q

function of melanocytes

A

productionand secretion of melanin (synthesized and stored in melanosomes)

21
Q

Melanocytes

A

dendritic cells (round cell bodies in s. basale, processes in s. spinosum), melanosomes are transferred into keratinocytes

elongated nuclei surrounded by clear cytoplasm

22
Q

why does melanin accumulate over the nuclei?

A

to protect the DNA from UV radiation

23
Q

Langerhan’s cells

A

antigen presenting cells in s. spinosum, encounter and process antigens entering thru skin, present processed antigen to T lymphocytes

24
Q

what are langerhan’s cells derived from?

A

Bone marrow

25
Q

Merkel’s cells

A

mechanoreceptor associated w/ sensory nerve endings, in s. basale, contains neurosecretory granules, base is Merkel’s corpuscle

26
Q

Merkel’s corpuscle

A

expanded plate like terminal of afferent nerve fibers at base of cells

27
Q

Basal Cell Carcinoma

A

most common, resembles cells of s. basale, slow growing tumor

28
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma

A

second most common, highly atipical cells at all levels of epidermis

29
Q

Malignant melanoma

A

most serious form, originates from melanocytes, irregular pigmented, multicolor lesion

30
Q

two layers of dermis

A
  1. papillary layer

2. reticular layer

31
Q

Papillary layer

A

superficial layer of dermis, loose CT, have dermal papillae that project into epidermis

32
Q

reticular layer

A

deep layer of dermis, consist of DCT, thicker than papillary layer but with fewer cells

33
Q

Pacinian corpuscles

A

large oval structures found in dermis/hypodermis, detect pressure and vibration, myelinated nerve endings surrounded by capsule of concentric lamellae

34
Q

Meissner;s corpuscles

A

tapered cylindrical structures, located in dermal papillae of hairless skin, flattened schwann cells form lamellae, detect light touch, unmyelinated nerve ending following spiral paths

35
Q

types of epidermal skin appendages, and derivative

A
  1. hair and follicles
  2. eccrine sweat glands
  3. apocrine sweat glands’
  4. sebaceous glands

derived from down growths of epidermal epithelium during development

36
Q

hair

A

elongated filamentous, keratinized structures hat project from follicles

37
Q

hair follicle

A

responsible for production and growth of a hair

38
Q

arrector pili muscle

A

SM extending from CT sheath surrounding hair follicle to pap. layer of dermis, contraction acsues hair to stand on end, role in insulation and symp innervation

39
Q

eccrine sweat glands

A

widely distributed, simple coiled tubular gland, merocrine secretion, thermoregulatory, excretes wastes and excess salts

40
Q

Secretory portion of eccrine sweat glands

A

double layer of epithelial cells, larger and lighter than duct cells, in deep dermis or upper hypodermis

41
Q

Duct portion of eccrine sweat glands

A

narrower outside diameter and lumen than secretory portion, double layer of cuboidal cells, smaller and darker than secretory portion, lead to epidermal surface

42
Q

apocrine sweat glands

A

in axillary and perineal areas, viscous, protein rich sweat secreted into hair follicles, merocrine secretion, coiled tubular glands with wide lumen, begin functioning at puberty, bacterial breakdown of sweat leads to BO

43
Q

Secretory portion of apocrine sweat glands

A

very wide lumen, simple cuboidal epi, eosinophilic cytoplasm, in upper hypodermis/deep dermis

44
Q

Duct portion of apocrine sweat glands

A

stratified cuboidal epi, narrow lumen, empties into follicle canal

45
Q

sebaceous glands

A

everywhere except thick skin, branched acinar gland, secete sebum into hair follicle, holocrine secretion, involved w/ acne

Anatomy Exam III (12 decks)

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