Spine, Superficial, Intermediate, and Deep Back

Question 1

what does segmentation of cutaneous nn. give rise to?

Answer 1

dermatome organization of sensation

Question 2

where do spinal nn. exit the vertebral column?

Answer 2

via the intervertebral foramen inferior to the vert of the corresponding spinal level that it is named for EXCEPT C1-C7 (exit superior)

Question 3

what are the three groups of back mm. and what are their functions?

Answer 3

1. superficial: anchor UL to axial skeleton
2. intermediate: assist in respiration
3. deep: maintain posture, act of vertebral column (raise and lower spine)

Question 4

what are the superficial mm of the back?

Answer 4

1. trapezius
2. latissimus dorsi
3. levator scapulae
4. rhomboid minor/major

Question 5

A and N of trapezius

Answer 5

A: upper fibers = elevate, middle = adduct, lower = depress scapula and assist in rotating scapula during abduction of humeral above horizontal
N: CN XI, proprioception = C3-C4, transverse cervical vessles

Question 6

what structures run deep to trapezius?

Answer 6

1. accessory n
2. ventral rami C3-C4
3. transverse cervical a. and v.

Question 7

A and N of latissimus dorsi?

Answer 7

A: adducts, extends, and medially rotates humerus
N: thoracodorsal n. and vessels, and intercostal vessels

Question 8

A and N of levator scapulae?

Answer 8

A: elevates scapula
N: C3-C4, dorsal scapular n and vessels

Question 9

A and N of rhomboid major/minor?

Answer 9

A: retracts (adducts) and elevates scapula
N: dorsal scapular n and vessels

Question 10

intermediate mm of back

Answer 10

1. serratus posterior superior

2. serratus posterior inferior

Question 11

deep muscles of back

Answer 11

1. splenius capitis
2. splenius cervicis
3. semispinalis capitis
4. erector spinae
5. multifidus
6. rotatores

Question 12

A and N of splenius capitis?

Answer 12

A: draw head backward, extend neck (bilateral), rotate head/neck ipsilaterally (individual)
N: posterior rami of middle/lower cervical nn

Question 13

A and N of splenius cervicis?

Answer 13

A: extend neck (bilateral), rotate head/neck ipsilaterally (individual)
N: posterior rami of middle/lower cervical nn

Question 14

A and N of semispinalis capitis?

Answer 14

A: extend vertebral column (bilateral), rotate head ipsilateral (individual)
N: posterior rami of middle/lower cervical nn

Question 15

what mm are associated with the suboccipital triangle, and which one does not participate?

Answer 15

1. rectus capitis posterior minor (no participation)
2. rectus capitis posterior major
3. obliquus capitis inferior
4. obliquus capitis superior

Question 16

what is the floor oft he suboccipital triangle?

Answer 16

vertebral a.

Question 17

what are the mm of the suboccipital triangle innervated by?

Answer 17

C1 posterior rami

Question 18

what passes through semispinalis capitis?

Answer 18

C2 greater occipital n

Question 19

A and N or erector spinae?

Answer 19

A: erect spine, primary extensor of head and spine
N: dorsal rami of spinal nn, lumbar and intercostal vessels

Question 20

A and N of multifidus?

Answer 20

A: laterally flex and rotate spine (only one side acting rotates contralaterally)
N: dorsal rami of spinal nn. and lumbar vessels

Question 21

A and N of rotatores?

Answer 21

A: rotate spine (only one side acting rotates contralaterally), extend vertebral column (bilaterally)
N: dorsal rami of spinal nn. and intercostal vessels

Question 22

minor deep muscles of back?

Answer 22

1. interspinalis
2. intertransversarium
3. levatores costarum

Question 23

innervation of back?

Answer 23

superficial: ventral rami (hypaxial mm)
intermediate: ventral rami (hypaxial mm)
deep: dorsal rami (epaxial mm)

Question 24

A and N of serratus anterior?

Answer 24

A: protracts scapula and holds it to body wall
N: long thoracic n, lateral thoracic a. and v

Question 25

borders of triangle of auscultation?

Answer 25

sup: trapezius
inf: latissimus dorsi
lat: rhomboid major
floor: 6th intercostal space

Question 26

borders of lumbar triangle?

Answer 26

med: latissimus dorsi
lat: external oblique
inf: iliac crest
floor: internal oblique