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Anatomy Exam III > Bone Development > Flashcards

Bone Development Flashcards

1
Q

what are the two types of bone development?

A
  1. intramembranous ossification

2. endochondral ossification

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2
Q

intramembranous ossification

A

osteoblasts develop directly from mesenchymal cells (no hyaline cartilage model)

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3
Q

what kind of bones develop from intramem ossification?

A

flat bones of skull and face

week 8

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4
Q

what are the steps of intramem oss?

A
  1. development of ossification center
  2. calcification
  3. woven bone and periosteum develops
  4. replacement of woven bone
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5
Q

development of ossification center

A

mesenchymal cells -> osteoprogenitor cells (more rounded, basophilic, more RER) -> osteoblasts -> cluster of osteoblasts (ossification center)

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6
Q

what secretes osteoid?

A

osteoblasts in ossification center

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7
Q

calcification

A

calcium and mineral salts deposited around collagen fibers, osteocytes sit in lacunae

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8
Q

woven bone and periosteum development

A

spicules increase in size by appositional growth (along surface), mesenchyme at periphery of bone condenses to form periosteum

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9
Q

replacement of woven bone

A

by lamellar bone, forming compact and spongy bone

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10
Q

endochondral ossification

A

mesenchyme is replaced by hyaline cartilage model

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11
Q

steps of endochondral ossification

A
  1. development of fetal cartilage model
  2. bone collar forms at diaphysis and shaft cartilage calcifies
  3. primary oss. center develops in diaphysis
  4. secondary oss centers develop
  5. hyaline cart is retained as articular cart.
  6. epiphyseal plate ossifies
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12
Q

development of fetal cartilage model

A

mesenchyme -> chondroblasts -> secrete matrix -> hyaline cart model -> model surrounded by periochondrium

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13
Q

how does hyaline cartilage model grow?

A 
interstitial growth (chondrocytes in lacunae)
appositional growth (chondrocytes at surface)
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14
Q

bone collar forms at diaphysis and shaft cartilage calcifies

A

chondroblasts at mid region -> osteoblasts, secrete osteoid, then calcified (1st bone tissue)

surrounding cart calcifies, chondrocytes die, matrix breaks down, porous (calcified) hyaline cart is created

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15
Q

primary oss. center develops in diaphysis

A

osteopro cells -> osteoblasts -> matrix deposited alongside calcified cart

capillaries and osteoprogenitor cells form periosteum, penetrate bone collar, and grow into degraded calcified cart location

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16
Q

2ndary ossification centers develop

A

in epiphysis after birth

17
Q

hyaline cart is retianed as articular cart

A

epiphyseal plate

articular cart o nthe ends of model, epiphyseal plate between epiphysis and metaphysis

18
Q

epiphyseal plate ossifies

A

forms epiphyseal line at end of puberty, plate is replaced with bone

19
Q

what bones form from endochondral ossification?

A

long bones

20
Q

what spaces for from BVs entering disintegrated calcified cartilage?

A

bone marrow

21
Q

bone growth of long bones

A

basically endochondral ossification, and occurs in epiphyseal plate

22
Q

zones of hyaline cartilage during bone growth

A
  1. zone of resting
  2. zone of proliferation
  3. zone of hypertrophy
  4. zone of calcified cartilage
  5. zone of ossification
23
Q

zone of resting

A

closest to epiphysis, chondrocytes single or in small groups

24
Q

zone of proliferation

A

chondrocytes in lacunae endergo mitosis and stack like coins (isogenous groups), epiphysis is puched away from diaphysis

25
Q

zone of hypertrophy

A

chondrocytes increase in size, cytoplasm occumulates glycogen, matrix is thinned

26
Q

zone of calcified cartilage

A

matrix calcifies by forming hydroxyapatite crystals (basophilic), chondrocytes die

27
Q

zone of ossification

A

right by diaphysis, BVs and blood cells and osteoprog cells and psteoclasts enter, primary bone is laid down onto calcified cartilage spicules (eosinophilic)

eventually, primary bone replaced by secondary bone

28
Q

bone growth (width) in long bones

A

appositional growth (along surface), osteoblasts secrete bone matrix to external surface just below periosteum, osteoclasts resorb bone at endosteal surface

29
Q

control of bone remodeling

A

negative feedback for maintenance of calcium homeostasis

30
Q

what happens if too much calcium in blood?

A

parafollicular cells in thyroid secrete calcatonin -> inhibit osteoclasts, encourages Ca deposition in bone

31
Q

what happens if too little calcium in blood?

A

parathyroid glands secrete PTH -> stimulate osteoclasts to resorb bone

Anatomy Exam III (12 decks)

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