Elbow, Cubital Fossa, and Forearm

Question 1

2 joints of elbow area

Answer 1

1. elbow joint (hinging, flexion, extension)

2. proximal radio-ulnar joint (pronation and supination)

Question 2

3 articulations of elbow area

Answer 2

1. trochlear notch of ulna and trochlea of humerus (elbow joint)
2. head of radius and capitulum of humerus (elbow joint)
3. head of radius and radial notch of ulna

Question 3

what type of tissue are the ligaments of the elbow area made of?

Answer 3

dense regular connective tissue

Question 4

what are the three ligament of the elbow area?

Answer 4

1. radial collateral ligament
2. ulnar collateral ligament
3. anular ligament

Question 5

what does the radial collateral ligament do?

Answer 5

resists varus (from midline) forces

Question 6

what does the ulnar collateral ligament do?

Answer 6

resists valgus (toward midline) forces

Question 7

what does the anular ligament do?

Answer 7

connects radius to ulna

Question 8

What is nursemaid’s elbow?

Answer 8

head of radius displaces from anular ligament

Question 9

what is involved in vascular supply to the elbow area?

Answer 9

brachial a., profunda brachii, radial a., ulnar a.

Question 10

what does the superior ulnar collateral a. anastomose with?

Answer 10

posterior ulnar recurrent a.

Question 11

what does the inferior ulnar collateral a. anastomose with?

Answer 11

anterior ulnar a.

Question 12

what does the middle collateral a. anastomose with?

Answer 12

recurrent interosseous a.

Question 13

what does the radial collateral a. anastomose with?

Answer 13

radial recurrent a.

Question 14

what are the borders of the cubital fossa?

Answer 14

lat: brachioradialis m.
base: “line” from med to lat epicondyle
med: pronator teres m.
floor: brachialis m.
roof: bicipital apo., deep fascia, superficial fascia, skin

Question 15

contents of cubital fossa

Answer 15

tendon of biceps brachii, brachial a., median n

from lateral to medial

Question 16

where does the median n. exit the cubital fossa?

Answer 16

through 2 heads of pronator teres

Question 17

what is the only major structure passing through the elbow posteriorly?

Answer 17

ulnar n. (posterior to medial epicondyle

Question 18

what is the lateral cutaneous n. a continuation of?

Answer 18

musculocutaneous n.

Question 19

what are the three layers of the anterior compartment of the forearm?

Answer 19

superficial, intermediate, deep

Question 20

what is the innervation of the anterior compartment of the forearm?

Answer 20

median n. EXCEPT for flexor carpi ulnaris and 1/2 of flexor digitorum profundum

Question 21

what are the superficial mm. of the anterior compartment of the forearm from lateral to medial?

Answer 21

1. pronator teres
2. flexor carpi radialis
3. palmaris longus
4. flexor carpi ulnaris

Question 22

action of pronator teres?

Answer 22

pronate forearm

Question 23

action of flexor carpi radialis?

Answer 23

flex and abduct wrist

Question 24

action of palmaris longus?

Answer 24

flex wrist, tense hand aponeurosis

Question 25

action of flexor carpi ulnaris?

Answer 25

flex and adduct wrist

Question 26

origin of superficial mm. of anterior forearm?

Answer 26

common tendon on medial epicondyle of humerus

Question 27

intermediate m. of anterior forearm

Answer 27

flexor digitorum superficialis

Question 28

action and innervation of flexor digitorum superficialis?

Answer 28

A: quick and strong flexion of digits 2-5
N: median n.

Question 29

deep mm. of the anterior forearm

Answer 29

1. flexor digitorum profundus
2. flexor pollicis longus
3. pronator quadratus

Question 30

action and innervation of flexor digitorum profundus?

Answer 30

A: slow flexion of digits 2-5
N: median n. (2-3), ulnar n (4-5)

Question 31

action and innervation of flexor pollicis longus?

Answer 31

A: flex thumb (goes to distal portion)
N: median n.

Question 32

action and innervation of pronator quadratus?

Answer 32

A: pronation
N: median n

Question 33

what passes through the carpel tunnel?

Answer 33

1. tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis
2. tendons of flexor digitorum profundus
3. tendon of flexor pollicis longus
4. median n.

Question 34

what actions is the posterior compartment of the forearm usually associated with?

Answer 34

movement of wrist joint, extension of digits, supinaton

Question 35

what innervates the entire posterior forearm?

Answer 35

radial n.

Question 36

what are the superficial mm. of the posterior forearm?

Answer 36

1. brachioradialis
2. anconeus
3. extensor carpi radialis longus
4. extensor carpi radialis brevis
5. extensor digitorum
6. extensor digiti minimi
7. extensor carpi ulnaris

Question 37

action of brachioradialis?

Answer 37

flexion at elbow

Question 38

action of anconeus?

Answer 38

accessory flexion at elbow

Question 39

action of extensor carpi radialis longus?

Answer 39

extend and abduct wrist

Question 40

action of extensor carpi radialis brevis?

Answer 40

extend and abduct wrist

Question 41

action of extensor digitorum?

Answer 41

extend digits 2-5

Question 42

action of extensor digiti minimi?

Answer 42

extend digit 5

Question 43

action of extensor carpi ulnaris?

Answer 43

extend and adduct wrist

Question 44

what are the deep mm. of the posterior forearm?

Answer 44

1. supinator
2. abductor pollicis longus
3. extensor pollicis brevis
4. extensor pollicis longus
5. extensor indicis

Question 45

action of supinator?

Answer 45

supinate forearm

Question 46

action of abductor pollicis longus?

Answer 46

abduct thumb

Question 47

action of extensor pollicis brevis?

Answer 47

extend thumb

Question 48

action of extensor pollicis longus?

Answer 48

extend all thumb joints

Question 49

action of extensor indicis?

Answer 49

extend index finger

Question 50

what do the brachial and cephalic vv. come from?

Answer 50

dorsal venous arch