Upper Limb Flashcards
What is the pectoral girls comprised of?
Clavicle and scapula
What does the superior surface of the clavicle look like ?
Smooth
What does the inferior surface of the clavicle look like?
Landmarks visible.
- trapezoid line
- groove for subclavius muscle
What is on the medial part of the clavicle
Eternal extremity
What is on the lateral end of the clavicle?
Acromegaly extremity
Attachment of the caracoclavicular ligament
Trapezoid line of the clavicle
What’s the difference in appearance of the acormial extremity and the eternal extremity?
Acromial is smooth
Sternal is edged
Protection of subclavian vesicles
Groove for subclavius muscle
What are the two landmarks of the clavicle that provide attachment for the caracoclavicular ligament?
Trapezoid line and the conoid tubercle
What are the main features of the radius
Head and neck
Styloid process
Important features of the ulna
- olecranon process
- trochlear
- coronoid process
- head
- styloid process
Bones of the wrist
Scaphoid Lunate Triquetrum Pisiform Trapezium Trapezoid Capitate Hamate
Which finger does not have a middle phalange
Thumb
Formed from the entire ventral rami of C5-C8 and most of the Ti ventral ramus
Brachial plexus
What does the brachial plexus consist of?
Roots, trunk, divisions, cords, and terminal named branches
Roots of brachial plexus
Ventral rami of C5-T1
Trunks of the brachial plexus are formed from the ____
Roots
Superior trunk is formed from what?
C5-C6
Middle trunk is formed from?
C7
What is the inferior (lower) trunk consist of?
C8 and T1
Each trunk of the brachial plexus is decided into __________ and _________ divisions
Anterior and posterior
What are the cords of the brachial plexus named for?
Their relationship to the axillary artery
Cords are formed from their _________, and named lateral, medial, and posterior cords
Divisions
Anterior divions of superior and middle trunks make up what cord?
Lateral cords (C5-C7)
Anterior division of inferior trunk makes what cord?
Medial (C8 and T1)
Posterior division of all 3 trunks makes up what cord?
Posterior cord (C5-T1)
How many branches of the brachial plexus are there?
17
- 4 supraclavicular branches
- 13 infraclavicular branches
Where do the 13 infraclavicular branches come from?
3 from lateral cord
5 from medial cord
5 from posterior cord
What are the 3 infraclavicular branches from the lateral cord?
- lateral pectoral nerve (C5, C6, C7)
- musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6, C7)
- lateral root of median nerve (C5, C6, C7)
the _________ originates from the medial and lateral “roots” (contributions from respective cords) and contains fibers from C5-T1
Median nerve
What are the 5 terminal branches from the medial cord?
- medial pectoral nerve (C8, T1)
- media brachial cutaneous nerve (C8, T1)
- medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve (C8-T1)
- ulnar nerve (c8, T1, occasionally C7)
- medial root of median nerve (C8, T1)
What are the terminal branches from the posterior cord?
- upper subscapular nerve (C5, C6)
- thoracodorsal nerve (C6, C7, C8)
- lower subscapular nerve (C5, C6)
- axillary nerve (C5, C6)
- radial nerve (C5-T1)
Musculocutaneous nerve contains fibers from ___________ spinal nerves
Ventral rami of C-5 -6 -7
Musculocutaneous nerve is a ____________ of the lateral cord
Terminal branch
What does the musculocutaneous nerve innervate?
Muscled of flexor/anterior compartment of the arm
NOT FOREARM
What happens when the musculocutaneous nerve passes onto the forearm?
Name changing, to the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm/lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve
What does the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm/lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve innervate?
Skin on lateral side of the forearm
What supplies motor innervation to only anterior/flexor region of arm?
Musculocutaneous nerve
The median nerve contains fibers from _____________ spinal nerves
Ventral rami of C5-T1
Median nerve is formed from the joining of the _________ and the ________
- lateral root of the lateral cord
- medial root of the medial cord
What does the median nerve innervate?
All but 1.5 muscles of hte flexor/anterior compartment of the forearm
What causes carpal tunnel?
Compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel causes carpal tunnel syndrome
What does the median nerve innervate in the hand?
Mainly innervates the thenar muscles (thumb)
The ulnar nerve contains fibers from the ____________ spinal nerves
Ventral rami of C7-T1
The ulnar nerve is a terminal branch of what?
Medial cord
What does the ulnar nerve innervate
1/5 muscles of the flexor/anterior compartment of the forearm
What does the ulnar nerve innervate in the hand
Mainly innervates all the hand muscles except those to the thumb
-median does that
Radial nerve contains fibers from __________spinal nerves
Ventral rami of C5-T1
Radial nerve is a terminal branch of what?
Posterior cord
What does the radial nerve innervate?
Extensor/posterior compartment of the arm, the entire thing
What does the the radial nerve innervate in the forearm?
All muscles of the extensro/posterior compartment of the forearm
-entire thing
The axillary nerve contains fibers from ___________ spinal nerves
Ventral rami of C5, C6
What is the axillary nerve a nerve to?
The scapular region, NOT the arm, forearm, hand
What does the axillary nerve innervate?
Deltoid muscle and there’s minor muscle
The axillary nerve is a terminal branch of what?
The posterior cord
What are all the 4 cutaneous branches that also innervate the upper limbs
- suprascapular
- intercostobrachial
- medial cutaneous
- medial antebrachial cutaneous
