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Antomy BLOCK 4 > Basics Of Embryology I > Flashcards

Basics Of Embryology I Flashcards

1
Q

Sperm cells in meiosis

A

4 viable haploid cells

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2
Q

Egg in meiosis

A

1 viable haploid cell and 3 polar bodies

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3
Q

Meiosis

A
  • Specialized process of cell division that occurs only in the germ line
  • diploid germ cell replicated DNA, has 2 divisions and yields 4 haploid cells
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4
Q

Mitosis

A

Normal cell division

-dipolide 2N replicates DNA with one division, 2 daughter cells

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5
Q

Day 0

A

Zygote is formed

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6
Q

Once a haploid sperm cell fuses with the haploid egg, the egg is then called a

A

Zygote

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7
Q

When is the pronuclear stage?

A

Day 0

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8
Q

When is the 2-cell stage?

A

Day 1 (24 hours)

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9
Q

When is the 4 cell stage?

A

Day 2 (48 hours)

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10
Q

When is the 8 cell stage

A

Day 3 (72 hours)

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11
Q

When is the morula formed

A

Day 4 (96 hours)

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12
Q

When does the blastocyst form?

A

Day 5 (120 hours)

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13
Q

When does fertilization happen?

A

Day 0

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14
Q

After initial meiosis

A

Its then all mitosis

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15
Q

When does cleavage happen?

A

Day 1

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16
Q

Cleavage

A

The zygote initiates a rapid serious of mitotic cell divisions. The cells increase in the number but the zygote does not increase in size. The cells still maintain contact even after dividing

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17
Q

What are the daughter cells after cleavage called?

A

Blastomeres

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18
Q

When do you first start seeing blastomeres?

A

Day 1

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19
Q

What happens once the cells get to the 8 cell phase?

A

They begin to undergo compaction. They become adhered to one another by tight junctions

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20
Q

When does compaction occur

A

Day 3

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21
Q

What is the embryo called when it has 16-32 cells?

A

Morula

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22
Q

When does the morula form

A

Day 4

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23
Q

Inner cell mass (embryoblast)

A

With compaction, some blastomeres segregate to the center of the morula and others to the outside. The centrally placed blastomeres are now called this

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24
Q

Trophoblasts

A

With compaction, some blastomeres segregate to the center of the morula and others to the outside. The peripherally placed blastomeres are now called this

25
Q

What does the inner cell mass give rise to?

A

The embryo proper

26
Q

What is the primary source of the fetal component of?

A

Placenta

27
Q

Formation of blastocyst

A

By 4 days, the morula (consisting of about 30 cells), begins to absorb fluid. As the hydrostatic pressure of the fluid increases, a large cavity called the blastocyst cavities (blastocoel) forms within the morula

28
Q

When does the blastocyst form

A

Day 5 (96 hours(

29
Q

Embryonic pole

A

The side of the blastocyst that contains the inner cell mass

30
Q

The abembryonic pole

A

The side of the blastocyst that contains the trophoblasts

31
Q

Where does fertilization occur

A

Fallopian tubes

32
Q

When does the morula reach the uterus

A

Between 3 and 4 days

33
Q

Corpus luteum

A
  • pouch left over in ovary that produces hormones if fertilization occurs
  • progesterone
  • will degenerate if not fertilized
  • aids in implantation
  • gets uterine wall ready
34
Q

Decidual cells

A

Produce hormones

-also allows blastocyst embedding into wall

35
Q

Decidual reaction

A

Adjacent cells of the endometrial stroma respond to its presence and to the progesterone secreted by the corpus luteum by differentiating into metabolically active, secretory cells called decidual cells.

36
Q

When does the blastocyst form two epithelial layers

A

Day 8

37
Q

What are the two epithelial layers that the blastocyst forms?

A
  • distinct external latter of columnar cells called the epiblast
  • internal layer of cuboidal cells called the hypoblasts (primitive endoderm)
38
Q

Blue

A

Epiblast or ectoderm

39
Q

Yellow

A

Hypoblast or endoderm

40
Q

Red

A

Mesoderm

41
Q

What is the resulting two-altered embryoblast called

A

The bilaminar embryonic disc.

42
Q

What is dorsal

A

Epiblast

43
Q

What is ventral

A

Hypoblast

44
Q

Amniotic cavity

A
  • the first new cavity to form during the second week

- appears on day 8 as fluid begins to collect between cells of the epiblast and overlying trophoblasts

45
Q

When does the amniotic cavity form

A

Second week (day 8)

46
Q

When is the embryo completely implanted

A

By nine days

47
Q

When do cells begin to migrate

A

Day 9

48
Q

What is the lining of the amnion

A

Layer of epic last cells expands towards the embryonic pole and differentiates into a thin membrane separating the new cavity

49
Q

What cells form the amniotic cavity

A

Epiblasts

50
Q

What cells form the primary yolk sac

A

Hypoblasts

51
Q

Extrembryonic mesoderm

A

Formed in the second week.
Supporting structure
-placenta and barrier

52
Q

Chorion

A
  • days 11-12, extraembryonic membrane mesoderm expands between the amnion.
  • days 12-13, the extraembryonic mesoderm splits into two layers; one coating the outside of the Heuser’s membrane and the other lining the inside of the cytotrophoblast. The space between the two layers is the chorionic cavity
53
Q

What happens to the primary yolk sac on days 12 and 13

A

The chorion is being formed, and the extraembryonic mesenchyme is pinching off the blastocyst in the middle, producing remnants of the primary yolk sac in the back and the definitive yolk sac in the front

54
Q

What happens to the primary yolk sac at end of second week?

A

The definitive yolk sac loses contact with the remnants of the primary yolk sac, and the bilaminar embryonic disc with its dorsal amnion and ventral yolk sac is suspended by a thick connecting stalk

55
Q

Bilaminar embryo

A
  • 2 layer disc

- where the epiblast and the hypo last touch

56
Q

Major site of hematopoesis

A

Extraembryonic mesoderm

57
Q

Yolk sac after the 4th week

A

Rapidly overgrown by the developing embryonic disc

58
Q

Meckel’s diverticulum

A

A digestive tract anomaly from the remanants of the yolk sac

Antomy BLOCK 4 (11 decks)

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