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Antomy BLOCK 4 > Connective Tissue: Collagen And The Eye > Flashcards

Connective Tissue: Collagen And The Eye Flashcards

1
Q

4 types of embryonic connective tissue

A
  1. Mesenchymal connective tissue
  2. Mucous connective tissue
  3. Supporting connective tissue
  4. Hematopoietic tissue (blood and bone marrow)
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2
Q

Found in the embryo and fetus and contains considerable ground substance. Capable of differentiating into different types of connective tissue

A

Mesenchymal connective tissue

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3
Q

What kind of connective tissue is relevant to the umbilical cord?

A

Mucous connective tissue

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4
Q

What kind of connective tissue is related to cartilage and bone?

A

Supporting connective tissue

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5
Q

Specialized connective tissue in which cells are suspended in the intercellular fluid

A

Hematopoietic tissue (blood and bone marrow)

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6
Q

What are the two origins of connective tissue cells?

A

Undifferentiated mesenchymal cells and hematopoietic stem cells

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7
Q

The _________ are formed and reside in the connective tissue

A

Fibroblasts

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8
Q

What is an example of fixed cells?

A

Fibroblasts

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9
Q

What are wandering cells?

A

Some cells are not fixed and can travel within the tissue. Eosinophils, mast, and plasma cells are wandering cells

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10
Q

__________ are the predominant cells in connective tissue, where they produce __________ and other components of the extracellular matrix

A
  • fibroblasts

- procollagen

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11
Q

What are the most common collagen fiber types in humans?

A

I, II, III, IV, V, and VII

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12
Q

What are the principle fibers and are most abundant in the connective tissue?

A

Collagen fibers

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13
Q

_____________ are flexible and have a high tensile strength

A

Collagen fibers

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14
Q

Collagen structure

A

Procollagen single strands will combine to form a triple helix structure. It is “woven” like a thread for elasticity

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15
Q

What is a collagen fiber made of?

A

Multiple collagen fibrils combined

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16
Q

How strong is a collagen fibrils tensile strength?

A

Unit for unit, it’s greater than steel

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17
Q

There are ______ different types of collagen recognized in humans

A

16

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18
Q

What type of collagen comprises 90% of all collagen in the body?

A

Type 1

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19
Q

What are the three categories of collagen based on molecular structure?

A
  1. Fibrous collagens
  2. Non-fibrous collagens
  3. Filamentous collagens
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20
Q

These collagens are revealed in the electron microscope as thick fibers.

A

Fibrous collagen

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21
Q

Diameter of this type of collagen varies considerably, from 200nm in skin and tendon, to about 25nm in the cornea

A

Fibrous collagen

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22
Q

Size and distribution of fibrous collagen

A
  • May be uniform as in the cornea, 25 to 30 nm

- variable as in the skin, where the can vary from 20 to 200nm

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23
Q

What types of collagens are considered fibrous collagens?

A

I
II
III

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24
Q

This groups of collagens forms the non-fibrous basement membranes

A

Non-fibrous collagens

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25
Q

This group of collagens are very thin membranes separating the fibrous stromal tissue from the cells, and vary in thickness from 25nm in capillaries and glomeruli to 200nm in the lens capsule

A

Nonfibrous collagens

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26
Q

What is the only type of collagen that has been identified in all basement membranes so far examined

A

Type IV

Important in cornea

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27
Q

The collagens of this group form loosely aggregated fibers with little or not periodicity.

A

Filamentous collagens

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28
Q

What can filamentous collagens be subdivided into?

A

Pericellular and matrix collagens

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29
Q

That types of collagens are in the filamentous collagens group?

A

VI, VII, IX, and X

Vitreous

30
Q

Collagens of the eye: cornea

A

A transparent tissue containing fine collagen fibers of uniform diameter with a high degree of spatial origanization

31
Q

Collagens of the eye: sclera

A

Is an opaque tissue containing thick interwoven collagen fibers

32
Q

Collagens of the eye: vitreous body

A

Is a polysaccharide gel containing small amounts of fine collagen fibers

33
Q

Collagens of the eye: lens capsule

A

Has an apparently amorphous basement membrane structure

34
Q

Collagens of the eye: retina

A

The retinal pigmented epithelium is a typical thin basement membrane

35
Q

Collagens of the eye: choroid

A

Highly vascularized tissue of the iris

36
Q

What types of collagens are in the sclera?

A

Only fibrous

-types I and III

37
Q

What types of collagens are found in the cornea

A

fibrous
-types I and V

Filamentous
-type VI

38
Q

What types of collagens are found in the vitreous?

A

Fibrous
-type II

Filamentous
-type IX

39
Q

What types of collagens are found in the lens capsule

A

Only non fibrous

-Type IV

40
Q

What types of collagens are found in the descemet’s membrane?

A

Nonfibrous
-type IV

Filamentous
-type VIII

41
Q

What type of collagens are found in the bowman’s membrnae?

A

Nonfibrous only

-type IV

42
Q

What type of collagens are present in the RPE?

A

Nonfibrous only

-type IV

43
Q

The cornea contains how much collagen by dry weight?

A

90%

44
Q

What is the cornea;s transparency due to?

A

Precise packing of collagen fibers of uniform diameter at a fixed distance apart
-parallel at right angles

45
Q

What type of collagen is the cornea primarily comprised of (in terms of the fibrous component)?

A

Type I

46
Q

_______ protects the intraocular contents from injury

A

Sclera

47
Q

The function of the collagen of the sclera is obviously ________

A

Structural

48
Q

The strength and resilience of the sclera is due to what?

A

Close interlacing of the collagen fibers which account for 80% of the dry weight

49
Q

How are the fibers of the sclera different than that of the cornea?

A

They are like tendon and skin and vary in diameter from 30nm to 300 nm within a single fiber bundle.

50
Q

The elasticity of the sclera is increased by the presence of a small proportion of ______

A

Elastin fibers

51
Q

Sclera contains predominantly what types of fibrous collagens?

A

Type I and a small amount of type III

52
Q

What does the sclera look like under the microscope?

A

Dense irregular tissue

53
Q

Sclera’ collagen and aging

A

Changes in the proportion of the collagen types with aging and may result in structural changes which could play a role in myopia and glaucoma

54
Q

The central part of the vitreous shows a 3D network of fine collagen fibers of about ________ in diameter

A

7-13nm in diameter

55
Q

The collagen of the vitreous is embedded in a ________

A

_hyaluronate gel

56
Q

What is important about the hyaluronte gel in the vitreous?

A

Contributes to the maintainence of

  • IOP
  • acting as shock absorber
57
Q

The fine collagen fibers of the vitreous have the functions of _________ and ________ of the hyaluronate gel when exposed to external pressure

A
  • stabilizing the shape of the gel

- reducing the compressibility

58
Q

Vitreous is composed mainly of what type of fibrous collagen?

A

Type II

59
Q

Floaters and vitreous

A

Vitreous is where floaters happen. Proteins condense (collagen) and become opaque, what you see if the shadow of them

60
Q

The lens is surrounded by a collagenous ___________

A

Basement membrane that is an elastic membrane that appears to be completely homogenous

61
Q

What type of non fibrous collagen is the lens capsule?

A

type IV

62
Q

Where is Descemet’s membrane located?

A

Under the corneal stroma, usually referred to as the basement membrane but more highly organized than that

63
Q

What kind of non fibrous collagen fibers does descemet’s membrane consist of?

A

Mostly type IV, and some type V

64
Q

What separates the corneal stroma from the corneal endothelium?

A

Descemet’s membrane

65
Q

What is the retina supported by?

A

Bruch’s membrane

66
Q

What is Bruch’s membrane?

A

Two basement membranes

  • the pigment epithelial membrane on the retinal side
  • endothelial membrane on the choroidal side
  • loose connective tissue in between
67
Q

Retinal basement membranes are mostly what type of non fibrous collagens?

A

Type IV

68
Q

Studies have identified ___________ collagen as a major component of the extracellular matrix of the human cornea.

A

Type VI

Distributed though the corneal stroma

69
Q

This filamentous collagen has only been identified in Vivo in descemet’s membrane where it has been reported to be a major constituent and may therefore play a role in the unique structure of this basement membrane

A

Type VIII

70
Q

What filamentous collagen type is synthesized by corneal endothelial cells?

A

Type VI

71
Q

Type IX filamentous collagen and the vitreous

A

The vitreous contains about 3x more type IX than cartilage. The cross linking of type IX occurs through the same mechanism as the fibrous collagen

Antomy BLOCK 4 (11 decks)

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