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Antomy BLOCK 4 > Connective Tissue: Collagen And The Eye > Flashcards

Connective Tissue: Collagen And The Eye Flashcards

1
Q

4 types of embryonic connective tissue

A
  1. Mesenchymal connective tissue
  2. Mucous connective tissue
  3. Supporting connective tissue
  4. Hematopoietic tissue (blood and bone marrow)
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2
Q

Found in the embryo and fetus and contains considerable ground substance. Capable of differentiating into different types of connective tissue

A

Mesenchymal connective tissue

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3
Q

What kind of connective tissue is relevant to the umbilical cord?

A

Mucous connective tissue

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4
Q

What kind of connective tissue is related to cartilage and bone?

A

Supporting connective tissue

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5
Q

Specialized connective tissue in which cells are suspended in the intercellular fluid

A

Hematopoietic tissue (blood and bone marrow)

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6
Q

What are the two origins of connective tissue cells?

A

Undifferentiated mesenchymal cells and hematopoietic stem cells

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7
Q

The _________ are formed and reside in the connective tissue

A

Fibroblasts

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8
Q

What is an example of fixed cells?

A

Fibroblasts

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9
Q

What are wandering cells?

A

Some cells are not fixed and can travel within the tissue. Eosinophils, mast, and plasma cells are wandering cells

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10
Q

__________ are the predominant cells in connective tissue, where they produce __________ and other components of the extracellular matrix

A
  • fibroblasts

- procollagen

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11
Q

What are the most common collagen fiber types in humans?

A

I, II, III, IV, V, and VII

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12
Q

What are the principle fibers and are most abundant in the connective tissue?

A

Collagen fibers

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13
Q

_____________ are flexible and have a high tensile strength

A

Collagen fibers

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14
Q

Collagen structure

A

Procollagen single strands will combine to form a triple helix structure. It is “woven” like a thread for elasticity

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15
Q

What is a collagen fiber made of?

A

Multiple collagen fibrils combined

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16
Q

How strong is a collagen fibrils tensile strength?

A

Unit for unit, it’s greater than steel

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17
Q

There are ______ different types of collagen recognized in humans

A

16

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18
Q

What type of collagen comprises 90% of all collagen in the body?

A

Type 1

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19
Q

What are the three categories of collagen based on molecular structure?

A
  1. Fibrous collagens
  2. Non-fibrous collagens
  3. Filamentous collagens
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20
Q

These collagens are revealed in the electron microscope as thick fibers.

A

Fibrous collagen

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21
Q

Diameter of this type of collagen varies considerably, from 200nm in skin and tendon, to about 25nm in the cornea

A

Fibrous collagen

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22
Q

Size and distribution of fibrous collagen

A
  • May be uniform as in the cornea, 25 to 30 nm

- variable as in the skin, where the can vary from 20 to 200nm

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23
Q

What types of collagens are considered fibrous collagens?

A

I
II
III

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24
Q

This groups of collagens forms the non-fibrous basement membranes

A

Non-fibrous collagens

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25
This group of collagens are very thin membranes separating the fibrous stromal tissue from the cells, and vary in thickness from 25nm in capillaries and glomeruli to 200nm in the lens capsule
Nonfibrous collagens
26
What is the only type of collagen that has been identified in all basement membranes so far examined
Type IV | Important in cornea
27
The collagens of this group form loosely aggregated fibers with little or not periodicity.
Filamentous collagens
28
What can filamentous collagens be subdivided into?
Pericellular and matrix collagens
29
That types of collagens are in the filamentous collagens group?
VI, VII, IX, and X Vitreous
30
Collagens of the eye: cornea
A transparent tissue containing fine collagen fibers of uniform diameter with a high degree of spatial origanization
31
Collagens of the eye: sclera
Is an opaque tissue containing thick interwoven collagen fibers
32
Collagens of the eye: vitreous body
Is a polysaccharide gel containing small amounts of fine collagen fibers
33
Collagens of the eye: lens capsule
Has an apparently amorphous basement membrane structure
34
Collagens of the eye: retina
The retinal pigmented epithelium is a typical thin basement membrane
35
Collagens of the eye: choroid
Highly vascularized tissue of the iris
36
What types of collagens are in the sclera?
Only fibrous | -types I and III
37
What types of collagens are found in the cornea
fibrous -types I and V Filamentous -type VI
38
What types of collagens are found in the vitreous?
Fibrous -type II Filamentous -type IX
39
What types of collagens are found in the lens capsule
Only non fibrous | -Type IV
40
What types of collagens are found in the descemet's membrane?
Nonfibrous -type IV Filamentous -type VIII
41
What type of collagens are found in the bowman's membrnae?
Nonfibrous only | -type IV
42
What type of collagens are present in the RPE?
Nonfibrous only | -type IV
43
The cornea contains how much collagen by dry weight?
90%
44
What is the cornea;s transparency due to?
Precise packing of collagen fibers of uniform diameter at a fixed distance apart -parallel at right angles
45
What type of collagen is the cornea primarily comprised of (in terms of the fibrous component)?
Type I
46
_______ protects the intraocular contents from injury
Sclera
47
The function of the collagen of the sclera is obviously ________
Structural
48
The strength and resilience of the sclera is due to what?
Close interlacing of the collagen fibers which account for 80% of the dry weight
49
How are the fibers of the sclera different than that of the cornea?
They are like tendon and skin and vary in diameter from 30nm to 300 nm within a single fiber bundle.
50
The elasticity of the sclera is increased by the presence of a small proportion of ______
Elastin fibers
51
Sclera contains predominantly what types of fibrous collagens?
Type I and a small amount of type III
52
What does the sclera look like under the microscope?
Dense irregular tissue
53
Sclera' collagen and aging
Changes in the proportion of the collagen types with aging and may result in structural changes which could play a role in myopia and glaucoma
54
The central part of the vitreous shows a 3D network of fine collagen fibers of about ________ in diameter
7-13nm in diameter
55
The collagen of the vitreous is embedded in a ________
_hyaluronate gel
56
What is important about the hyaluronte gel in the vitreous?
Contributes to the maintainence of - IOP - acting as shock absorber
57
The fine collagen fibers of the vitreous have the functions of _________ and ________ of the hyaluronate gel when exposed to external pressure
- stabilizing the shape of the gel | - reducing the compressibility
58
Vitreous is composed mainly of what type of fibrous collagen?
Type II
59
Floaters and vitreous
Vitreous is where floaters happen. Proteins condense (collagen) and become opaque, what you see if the shadow of them
60
The lens is surrounded by a collagenous ___________
Basement membrane that is an elastic membrane that appears to be completely homogenous
61
What type of non fibrous collagen is the lens capsule?
type IV
62
Where is Descemet's membrane located?
Under the corneal stroma, usually referred to as the basement membrane but more highly organized than that
63
What kind of non fibrous collagen fibers does descemet's membrane consist of?
Mostly type IV, and some type V
64
What separates the corneal stroma from the corneal endothelium?
Descemet's membrane
65
What is the retina supported by?
Bruch's membrane
66
What is Bruch's membrane?
Two basement membranes - the pigment epithelial membrane on the retinal side - endothelial membrane on the choroidal side - loose connective tissue in between
67
Retinal basement membranes are mostly what type of non fibrous collagens?
Type IV
68
Studies have identified ___________ collagen as a major component of the extracellular matrix of the human cornea.
Type VI Distributed though the corneal stroma
69
This filamentous collagen has only been identified in Vivo in descemet's membrane where it has been reported to be a major constituent and may therefore play a role in the unique structure of this basement membrane
Type VIII
70
What filamentous collagen type is synthesized by corneal endothelial cells?
Type VI
71
Type IX filamentous collagen and the vitreous
The vitreous contains about 3x more type IX than cartilage. The cross linking of type IX occurs through the same mechanism as the fibrous collagen

Antomy BLOCK 4 (11 decks)

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