Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anat20006 > Upper Limb > Flashcards

Upper Limb Flashcards

1
Q

What is the basic mammalian form?

A

1 proximal bone

2 distal bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the two ends and attachments of the clavicle?

A

Sternal end attaches to sternum

Acromial end attaches to scapula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are features of the scapula?

A

Flat bone

fossae for muscle attachments

The scapula spine separates fossae

Two processes - acromion and coracoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How do you tell apart the coracoid and acromion processes?

A

acromion points anteriorly

acromion continuous with the scapula spine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What defines the surgical neck of the humerus?

A

The region where the bone tapers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What defines the anatomical neck of the humerus?

A

Where the bone goes from smooth to rough

Where the joint capsule attaches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the articular surfaces/condyles of the humerus?

A

Capitulum (small)

Trochlea (large)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the tuberosities and grooves of the humerus?

A

Lesser/greater tuberosities

Bicipital groove containing biceps tendon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the two epicondyles at the elbow and their function?

A

Medial and lateral

Attach muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are common fracture sites of the humerus?

A

Surgical neck

Midshaft

Supracondylar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What fibrous tissue connects ulna and radius?

A

Linked by interosseous membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the form of the radius proximally and distally?

A

Small proximally

large distally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What purpose does the interosseous membrane serve?

A

Increases surface area for muscle attachment

Spreads force

Allows supination/pronation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the articular surfaces of the ulna?

A

Trochlea notch (large proximal ulna to large trochlea condyle)

Radial notch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the articular surfaces of the radius?

A

Fovea (attaching to capitulum)

Ulnar notch (attaching to ulna)

[Carpal articulation]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the tuberosities of the ulna?

A

Olecranon process

coronoid process

styloid process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where is the ulna larger and smaller?

A

Larger proximally

Smaller distally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does and doesn’t the ulna articulate with?

A

With humerus and radius

not with wrist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the tuberosities of the radius?

A

Radial tuberosity (biceps attachment)

Styloid process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which bones articulate the wrist?

A

Radius with the scaphoid and lunate

(lunate is medial)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the joints of the clavicle and what types are these?

A

Acromioclavicular joint - Plane synovial

Sternoclavicular joint - saddle synovial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Sternoclavicular joint type?

A

saddle synovial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What adds mobility and stability to the sternoclavicular joint?
Is the capsule strong or weak?

A

intra-articular disc adds mobility and stability

strong ligament and capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What joint type is the acriomioclavicular joint?

A

Plane synovial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What deepens the glenohumeral joint?
glenoid labrum
26
What are the four rotator cuff muscles?
Supraspinatus - in supraspinous fossa (superior) Infraspinatus - in infraspinous fossa (posterior) Supscapularis - in subscapular fossa (anterior) Teres minor - along lateral border (posterior)
27
What allows for extra ROM in the shoulder?
The scapulo-thoracic joint Works through harmonious motion of both the shoulder and scapula
28
Is the acromioclavicular joint capsule strong or weak? What stabilises it?
Weak capsule Stabilised by strong long ligament from the coracoid
29
What kind of joint is the elbow and what feature accompanies this type of joint?
Hinge synovial joint Collateral ligaments outside capsule
30
Which bone moves during pronation/supination?
Radius moves around ulna
31
A midshaft fracture of the humerus damages what nerve?
Radial nerve (extension of digits and wrist lost)
32
What joint type are the proximal and distal radioulnar joint?
Pivot synovial
33
What ligament keeps the head of the radius against the ulna notch?
Annular ligament (Only attaches to the ulna and wraps around the radius)
34
What ligament attaches across diagonally from the humerus to the annular ligament?
The radial collateral ligament
35
What type of joint is the radiocarpal joint?
Condyloid
36
What feature of the radiocarpal joint allows circumduction?
The articular disc
37
What kind of joints are the carpometacarpal joints?
Saddle I Plane II-V
38
What are the types of metacarpophalangeal joints?
Hinge I Condyloid II-V
39
What types of deep fascia can be found in the upper limb?
Interosseus membrane between radius and ulna Retinaculae - fascia for pulling on digits Aponeurosis - adheres palm skin to muscle Digital sheaths - connected to retinaculae
40
Where do the superficial muscles of the back attach?
Shoulder/scapula
41
What are the muscles of the scapulo-humerus?
Deltoid Biceps Rotator cuffs
42
What are the three anterior muscles of the arm and their relative positions?
Biceps brachii (long head lateral/short head medial) Brachialis (deep to biceps brachii) [strong flexor] Coracobrachialis (under short head of biceps brachii)
43
What movement do the muscles of the anterior arm compartment perform?
Wrist and finger flexion
44
Where is the common flexor origin for the superficial anterior compartment of the arm?
Medial epicondyle
45
Where do tendons of muscles in the forearm pass through?
Through the carpal tunnel under the flexor retinaculum
46
Which nerve is compressed in carpal tunnel syndrome?
Median nerve
47
How many layers of muscle are there in the anterior compartment of the forearm?
3
48
How many layers of muscle are there in the posterior compartment of the forearm?
2
49
Where is the common origin for the posterior compartment of the forearm?
Lateral epicondyle
50
What are the thenar muscles?
Muscles at the base of the thumb
51
Where are the hypothenar muscles?
base of the pinkie
52
What is the main artery that supplies the upper limb?
Subclavian artery
53
What structure does the subclavian artery run under and what is it called thereafter?
The clavicle Axillary artery
54
What artery is occluded in BP readings?
Brachial artery
55
Why can pulse be felt at the wrist?
The ulnar artery is quite superficial
56
What artery is used for coronary artery grafts?
Radial artery
57
What structure do arteries pass on the wrist and where do they pass relative to it?
Over the flexor retinaculum | (Avoid compression in case of swelling)
58
What kind of arteries are digital arteries?
End arteries
59
Why are veins present on the dorsal side of the hand as opposed to the palm?
Veins are thin walled Pressure applied in gripping shuts down veins
60
What level of fascia are veins in the hand found?
Superficial
61
What vein runs anterolaterally along the arm?
Cephalic
62
What vein is used for blood tests?
Median cubital vein | (location consistent)
63
What vein is the basilic vein a branch of?
Axillary vein | (Location posterior, upper arm)
64
What nerves are included in the brachial plexus?
C5-T1
65
What nerve roots make up the trunks of the brachial plexus?
Superior - C5, C6 Middle - C7 Inferior - C8 T1
66
What divisions of the brachial plexus innervate the flexors of the upper limb?
Anterior
67
Which nerves from the brachial plexus are anteriorally compartmentalised?
Musculocutaneous Median Ulnar
68
Which nerves from the brachial plexus is posteriorly compartmentalised?
Radial Axillary
69
Arising from the uppermost trunks (C5,6,7) of the brachial plexus, the musculocutaneous nerve innervates what?
Elbow flexors Anterolateral forearm skin (also pierces the coracobrachialis)
70
What muscles and skin does the median nerve innervate?
Anterior forearm muscles Thumb (thenar) muscles 3 1/2 digits
71
What does the ulnar nerve innervate?
Intrinsic muscles of the hand (except thenar) 1 1/2 digits
72
What structure does the median nerve pass through?
Carpal tunnel
73
What prevents superior dislocation of the glenohumeral joint?
Coracoacromial ligament
74
Does the ulnar nerve pass over or through the carpal tunnel? What trunks does it arise from?
Over (anteriorly) C8,T1
75
What does the axillary nerve supply?
Deltoid Military patch
76
What nerve roots does the axillary nerve arise from and what injuries is it susceptible to?
C5,6 Fracture of surgical neck of humerus
77
The radial nerve arises from the entire brachial plexus, what does it innervate?
Entire posterior arm + forearm skin and muscles Some posterior skin of hand
78
Which nerve roots innervate the most distal skin of the limbs?
C7 S1
79
The more proximal movements are controlled by nerves ____ and the distal movements are controlled by\_\_\_\_in the brachial plexus
higher lower
80
How are C5,6 commonly injured and what are the outcomes of this injury?
During birth, head pulls away from shoulder Results in paraesthesia in dermatomes and paralysis in myotomes C5,6 Elbow unable to flex, forearm unable to supinate Erb's palsy
81
Fracturing the surgical neck of the humerus damages what nerve?
Axillary nerve | (Can no longer abduct shoulder)
82
Carpal tunnel syndrome affects which nerve?
Median nerve | (Thenar muscle motor function lost)
83
84

Anat20006 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions