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Anat20006 > Reproductive system and urinary system > Flashcards

Reproductive system and urinary system Flashcards

1
Q

Where are the attachment sites of the pelvic diaphragm?

A

Pubis

Coccyx

Pelvic brim

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2
Q

What separates the pelvis from the perineum?

A

Pelvic diaphragm

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3
Q

The pelvic diaphragm supports pelvic viscera and attaches ______ ______

A

External genetalia

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4
Q

Levator ani is a major muscle in the pelvic diaphragm. What are its three component muscles?

A

Puborectalis

Pubococcygeus

Iliococcygeus

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5
Q

Which muscle in levator ani wraps around the ano-rectal junction and helps faecal continence?

A

Puborectalis

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6
Q

Below the pelvic diaphragm is the _____ which has openings for the urethra and vagina in females.

A

Perineal membrane

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7
Q

The deep perineal pouch is the space between the ______ and the ______

A

Perineal membrane

Pelvic diaphragm

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8
Q

What kind of sphincter is contained in the deep perineal pouch which constricts the urethra?

A

Voluntary

(skeletal muscle)

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9
Q

Neurovascular structures which supply the penis are contained in the _____________

A

Deep perineal pouch

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10
Q

How many seminiferous tubules usually make up a testi?

A

400-600

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11
Q

What thick connective tissue surrounds the seminiferous tubules?

A

Tunica albuginea

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12
Q

Spermatozoa are produced in the ______ and collected by the rete testes and stored in the ________

A

Seminiferous tubules

Epididymus

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13
Q

Where do spermatozoa mature?

A

In the epididymus

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14
Q

The ____ of the epididymus is connected to the vas deferens

A

tail

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15
Q

When no ejaculation occurs for a while, old sperm are _____ in the epidydmus and reabsorbed as proteins

A

broken down

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16
Q

The gonads develop on the posterior abdominal wall and descend in ______

A

utero

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17
Q

The ______ anchors the testes to the abdominal wall and the body grows around the testes so that the descent is _______ to the body

A

Gubernaculum

Relative

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18
Q

The spermatic cord contains ______ structures and is comparable to ______ of abdominal viscera

A

neurovascular

mesentry

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19
Q

The vas deferens is a _______ tube leading to the ejaculatory duct via the duct of ____ _______

A

Muscular

Seminal vesicle

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20
Q

The vas deferens penetrates the abdominal wall and passes through the ___________ ________ before reaching the duct of seminal vesicle

A

Inguinal canal

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21
Q

The seminal vesicle is located on the ________ surface of the bladder

A

Posterior

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22
Q

The ejaculatory duct from the seminal vesicle and vas deferens empty into the ________ urethra

A

Prostatic

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23
Q

What monosaccharide does the seminal vesicle provide to sperm as nutrition?

A

Fructose

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24
Q

The seminal vesicle provides _____ agent for the sperm

A

Coagulating

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25
Q

The prostate is superior to the _______ and _________

A

Perineal membrane

Pelvic diaphragm

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26
Q

The prostate plays a role in ______ sperm

A

Activating

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27
Q

The bulbourethral gland is a duct which opens into the _____ urtehra and pierces the ________ membrane

A

Spongy

Perineal

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28
Q

The bulbourethral glands secrete _____ which is also part of pre ejaculate and lubircates the urethra

A

Mucous

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29
Q

What is the method of prostate examination called?

A

Digital rectal examination

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30
Q

Benign prostatic hypertrophy is hypertrophy of the ______ prostate and can compress the urethra

A

Central

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31
Q

In prostate cancer, the prostate feels _____ and is entrely affected

A

hard

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32
Q

The penis is suspended by ________ and the pubic arch

A

Perineal membrane

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33
Q

There are two _______ and one ______ which are erectile tissues of the penis

A

Coropora cavernosa

Corpus spongiosum

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34
Q

The glans penis is a direct extension of the _____ ______

A

Corpus spongiosum

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35
Q

The corpora cavernosa is attached to both the perineal membrane and ______

A

Pubic arch

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36
Q

The corpus spongiosum is only attached to the _________

A

Perineal membrane

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37
Q

The corpora cavernosa also form the ____ of the penis which are wrapped in Ischiocavernosus muscle

A

crus

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38
Q

The ______ covers the corpus spongiosum

A

Bulbospongiosus muscle

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39
Q

The main function of the bulbospongiosus and ischiocavernosus muscles are to contract and ________

A

Reduce venous flow

40
Q

The ______ attaches the prepuce/foreskin

A

Frenulum

41
Q

Skin fuses at the midline to form the scrotal sac. This midline is called?

A

Raphe

42
Q

During childbirth these structures are prone to injury

A

Perineum

Levator ani

Perineal fascia

43
Q

The corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosum meet at the pubic ____

A

symphysis

44
Q

_______ and _________ are prone to tearing during childbirth leading to possible urinary and faecal incontinence

A

Pubococcygeus

Puborectalis

(deep perineal pouches may also be damaged)

45
Q

The uterus is a ____ walled muscular viscera

A

Thick

46
Q

The position in which a normal uterus is is called

A

Anteverted (relative to vagina)

Anteflexed (over bladder)

47
Q
A
48
Q

In the _____ position, the uterus is most likely to prolapse during childbirth

A

Retroverted

49
Q

The endometrium is _____ vascularised

A

well

50
Q

The fundus is the ____ of the uterus

A

top

51
Q
A
52
Q

The fimbria of the fallopian tubes project ______

A

posteriorly

53
Q

The ______ receives the cervix and extends posterioly past the cervix

A

Fornix

54
Q

The ovaries are _____ to the broad ligament and _____ to the uterus

A

Posterior

Lateral

55
Q

The ovaries attach to the uterus via _______ ___ ________

A

Ligament of ovary

56
Q

The ____ ligament suspends the uterus and is a homologue of the gubernaculum

A

Round

57
Q

The _____ artery branches to become the vaginal and uterine arteries but the ovarian arteries come from abdominal ______

A

Iliac

aorta

58
Q

The ovum and sperm meet in the _____ of the fallopian tube

A

Ampulla

(middle portion)

59
Q

The broad ligament is formed by ______ folds over the uterine tubes

A

Peritoneal

60
Q

The suspensory ligament of ovary is formed from _______ folds over ovarian vessels

A

peritoneal

61
Q

The ovaries are surrounded by peritoneum and are thus _____ viscera

A

introperitoneal

62
Q

The vesico-uterine pouch is formed by peritoneal folds between uterus and the _____

A

Bladder

63
Q

The recto-uterine pouch/pouch of Douglas is the place where _____ normally collect

A

fluids in the abdominal cavity

64
Q

Implantation of the ovum normally occurs in the ____ of the uterus

A

Body

65
Q

Ectopic pregnancies include plantation in the _____, ______ and even the abdominal cavity

A

Fallopian tube

Infundibulum

66
Q

Fluid will collect in the pouch of douglas when lying ____

A

supine

67
Q

The posterior ______ provides access to the pouch of douglas to drain fluids

A

fornix

68
Q
A
69
Q

The ____ and ___ arch form attachment for the roots of the external genetalia

A

Perineal membrane

Pubic

70
Q

Between the two bulbs of vestibule is the ____ _______

A

Glans clitoris

71
Q

Two _____ meet to form the glans clitoris

A

corpora cavernosa

72
Q

The greater vestibular gland are _____ to the bulbs of vestibule and secrete ______ during arousal

A

posterior

mucous

73
Q

The bulb of vestibules are homologues of the _______

A

corpus spongiosum

74
Q

The _____ muscle covers the crus of clitoris/corpora cavernosa
and the muscle which covers the bulbs of vestibule are ______

A

Ischiocavernosus
Bulbospongiosus muscles

75
Q

Both the _____ _____ cover glans clitoris and are highly vascularised

A

Labia minora

76
Q

The homologue of the scrotum in the female are the ____ ____

A

Labia majora

77
Q

The vulva/pudendum includes

A

Erectile tissue and overlying skin

78
Q

The kidneys are ____peritoneal and extends from T12-L_

A

Retro

3

79
Q

The kidney’s outer layer is the ___ capsule and _____ fat inside the renal fascia surrounds the kidneys

A

Renal

Perinephric

80
Q

The renal sinus formed by the spaces between the kidney and its hilum are filled by ____ fat

A

Perinephric

81
Q
A
82
Q

The medulla is also known as the ____ pyramid

A

Renal

83
Q
A
84
Q

The renal pelvis is the ____ part of the ureter

A

dilated

85
Q

The ____ of the medulla secretes urine in to the minor calices

A

Apex

86
Q

The renal hilum contains the renal ____, ____ and pelvis from front to back

A

Vein

Artery

87
Q

The ___ renal vein is longer than the accompanying artery because the IVC is in the midline while the abdominal aorta closer

A

Left

88
Q

The renal artery divides into ___ arteries which supply the kidney

A

Segmental

89
Q

Kidneys have independent renal _____ with their own blood supply

A

segments

90
Q

There are _ segments in each kidney

A

5

91
Q

The ____ renal artery supplies the kidney in _____ befoe it migrates upwards post___. These arteries are not always present

A

Accessory

utero

natal

92
Q

The three constrictions of the ureter are at the _____ junction, pelvic ____ and where it crosses the bladder wall

A

Uretopelvic

brim

93
Q

Where the ureter enters the bladder there is a ____ sphincter

A

Functional

94
Q

The bladder is a muscular hollow viscus and is the most ___ of all viscera with the apex at the front.

The body is free but the neck is bound by ____

A

Anterior

Ligaments

95
Q

The interior of the bladder is mostly muscular ridges but where it is smooth it is called the ____ and has the _____ orifice and urethral orifices

A

Trigone

Ureteric

96
Q

The urethra in females is very ____ and prone to urinary tract infections

A

short

97
Q

The membranous part of the urethra is where the urethra crosses the _____ floor and the perineal membrane

A

Pelvic

Anat20006 (11 decks)

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