Cardiovascular system Flashcards
What portion of the aorta is around the manubrial-sternal junction?
Aortic arch
What two orifices are contained in the ascending aorta?
Coronary artery orifices
What is the position of the descending aorta and what does it approach?
Left of midline
Approaches midline
What organ does the aortic arch run superior to?
Left lung root
The two main coronary artery branches sit between the pulmonary trunk and what respective parts of the heart?
Right atrium/atrial appendage - right coronary artery
left atrium/atrial appendage - left coronary artery
What special features does the right coronary artery supply?
Sinoatrial node
Atrioventricular node
Where and what does the right coronary anastamose with?
Circumflex branch of left coronary artery
posteriorly
Do coronary arteries only supply their respective chambers?
no, they supply some chambers of the other side
What are the two branches of the left coronary artery?
Circumflex branch
Anterior Interventricular branch
Coronary arteries are _____ end arteries and can anastamoses very slowly
Functional
Distribution of coronary arteries between individuals is ______
Variable
What do the common carotid arteries supply?
Head and neck
What is the ligamentun arteriosum’s function in utero?
Draining redundant pulmary supply to the aorta
What are the parietal branches of the descending aorta and what do they supply?
Intercostal - intercostal muscles
Pericardial - pericardium
Phrenic - diaphragm
What are the visceral branches of the descending aorta?
Bronchial
Esophageal
What veins do the head and neck drain into?
Internal jugular veins
Brachiocephalic veins contain both the internal and subclavian veins. When the two branches meet, what do they form and where?
SVC
Sternoclavicular joint
Left of midline
Where do they coronary veins drain into?
Coronary sinus –> right atrium
What separates the drainage of the upper body from the lower body from the SVC and IVC respectively?
The diaphragm
What branch of the SVC drains viscera and visceral walls?
What viscera/visceral walls are included?
Azygos vein
Thoracic wall
Trachea, bronchi, lungs
Pericardium
Esophagus
What organ does the Azygos vein arch over?
Right lung root
Which layer of the pericardium is continuous with the central tendon of the diaphragm?
Fibrous pericardium
The serous pericardium is a single layer of membrane, but forms two layers and what cavity?
Parietal and visceral layers
Pericardial cavity
What chamber forms the apex of the heart?
Left ventricle
What is the muscular ridged area on the anterior wall of the right atrium?
Musculi pectinati
What drainage does the right atrium receive?
SVC
IVC
Coronary sinus
What structure is closed over and between the left and right atrium?
Fossa ovalis
What are the two types of atrioventricular valves?
Tricuspid - right
Mitral/bicuspid - left
What are the aortic and pulmonary valves also called?
Semilunar valves
What muscle and fibre pulls on the flaps of the AV valves?
Papillary muscles pull on chordae tendinae
What does the cardiac skeleton provide attachment for?
Valve cusps
Myocardium
What special function does the cardiac skeleton provide?
Insulation of the electrical signals between the atria and ventricles
What valves are open in systole?
Semilunar valves
(AV valves closed)
Where is the SA node located?
What is its function?
SVC and right atrium junction
It is the pacemaker, stimulates AV node
Where is the AV node?
In the right atrium
What nerve supplies the heart?
Cardiac plexus
