Gastrointestinal tract Flashcards
The anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) attaches ______ abdominal wall muscles along with the ____ crest and ______ tubercle
Anterior
Iliac
Pubic
The anterior inferior iliac spine attaches ____ ____ muscles
Lower limb
The external oblique is the ___ layer of the anterior abdominal wall and its fibres run ____
Superficial
Inferomedially
External oblique (EO) attaches to the ___ superiorly, the ____ ____ medially and the ASIS, iliac crest, pubic tubercle and crest inferiorly
Ribs
Linea alba
The medial section of the layers of anterior abdominal are _______
Aponeurosis
Where the EO aponeurosis attaches to ASIS and pubic tubercle, it forms the ______ ligament, a fibrous band curving under and posteriorly
Inguinal
The ____ artery and vein runs under the inguinal ligament
Femoral
Internal oblique (IO) fibres run ____ to EO fibres and the direction is called ________
perpendicular
Superomedial
The IO attaches to the ____ margin superiorly
Costal
The lowermost fibres of IO arise from the majority of the _____ ligament and insert into pubic crest by a ____ tendon
Inguinal
Conjoint
The transverse abdominus (TA) lowermost fibres are similar to the IO except they arise from the ____ of the inguinal ligament but have the same attachment to the pubic crest by a conjoint tendon
minority
The rectus abominus sits _____ in the anterior AW and attaches at the pubic ____ and ____ inferiorly and the ___ process and costal cartilage superiorly
Intermediately
Crest
Symphysis
Xiphoid
The rectus sheath is formed by the ___ of EO, IO and TA and forms an ____ fibrous compartment for rectus abdominus
Aponeurosis
Incomplete
The horizontal intersections of rectus abdominus are called?
Tendinous intersections
Where rectus abdominus inserts into the pubic crest, it is known as the ______ muscle
Pyramidalis
The testes develop in the ____ abdominal wall within the _____ fascia
Posterior
Extraperitoneal
The inguinal canal is the pathway for the testes and its spermatic cord in men or the ____ ligament for the uterus in women
Round
The testes cross ____ fascia and three layers of anterior abdominal wall muscles in descent
Transversalis
The deep inguinal ring is a hole in the _____ fascia while the superficial ring is where the testes leave the inguinal canal and is formed by the triangular ____ of the EO aponeurosis
Transversalis
split
The inguinal canal does not pierce the TA and IO because their fibres ____ over it
Arch
The inguinal ligament ____ inferiorly and ____ under the inguinal canal to form the floor
thickens
curves
An indirect inguinal hernia involves abdominal contents _____ into the inguinal canal and dropping into the scrotum while still within the ______ , forming a ______ sac
entering
Peritoneum
Peritoneal
A direct inguinal hernia does not involve abdominal content entering the inguinal canal instead it is the protrusion via the ___ inguinal wall (transversalis fascia)
Posterior
The abdominal wall is bound by the five ____ vertebra and their intervertebral discs and the __ ribs
Lumbar
12th
The psoas major attaches to the ____ vertebrae and passes ___ to the inguinal ligament to insert into the lesser _____ of the femur
Lumbar
Deep
Trochanter
Quadratus lumborum arises from the 12th ribs and the ____ processes of the lumbar vertebrae and inserts into the ____ crest
Transverse
Iliac
The gallbladder is a ____ viscera
hollow
The solid viscera include ____, ___ and ___
Liver
pancreas
spleen
The esophagus begins at ___, where it has an anatomical sphincter. The two other constrictions occur at __ and T10
C6
T4/5
The middle T4/5 constriction of the esophagus arises from the ____ arch and ____ main bronchus compressing it
Aortic
Left
The diaphragm acts as a _____ sphincter for the esophagus
functional
The external muscles of the esophagus are _____
The internal muscles are circular
Longitudinal
The _____ junction or Z-line is a distinct change from when the esophageal mucosa becomes stomach mucosa
Esophagogastric
The stomach is an _______ viscera and is found in the ______ ____ quadrant
Intraperitoneal
Upper left
The _____ orifice is where the esophagus opens into the stomach
Cardiac
The ____ of the stomach is where gas usually collects
Fundus
The pyloric ____ is the part before the pyloric canal, which opens into the pyloric _____
Antrum
Orifice
The pyloric canal is ____ shaped
Funnel
The pyloric sphincter/pylorus is a _____ sphincter
Anatomical
The gastric folds of the stomach are also called the ___
rugae
The duodenum is _ shaped and is ____peritoneal
C
Retro
The second part of the duodenum is against the hilum of the ___ kidney and the ___ of the pancreas
right
head
The liver produces __ which is stored in the gallbladder.
bile
Bile moves from the gallbladder through the common bile duct and out to the descending _____ via the major duodenal _____
Duodenum
Papilla
The major duodenal papilla receives not only the common bile duct but also the main ____ duct
Pancreatic
The ____ duodenal papilla only brings a small amount of pancreatic enzymes but not any bile
Minor
The transverse duodenum at L3 moves behind the __ and abdominal aorta
IVC
The duodenal is usually fixed and is retroperitoneal but the jejunum and ileum can move ____ and are _______
freely
Intraperitoneal
The jejunum has more ____ folds and a thicker wall than the ileum and thus is also more vascular
Mucosa
The jejunum has less ____ deposits in the mesentry than the ileum
fat
The small intestine external muscle is ____
and the internal muscle is circular
Longitudinal
The ascending colon leads to the hepatic flexure and is named so because it is up against the ____
kidney
The splenic flexure occurs near the ____
spleen
The tenia coli are the ___ muscles of the large intestine and instead of entirely enclosing the large intestine, it forms ____ longitudinal bands
external
three
The omental appendices are the fatty tags hanging off the ____ ____
Tenia coli
The caecum is a pouch inferior to the ____ junction and is in the lower ___ quadrant
Ileocaecum
right
The three tenia coli meet at the base of the _____
Appendix
The colon’s position relative the peritoneum can be remembered by ___ from the ascending colon through to the sigmoid colon
RIRI
R=retroperitoneal
I=Intraperitoneal
The rectum does not contain any _____, ____ or _____
Tenia coli
Haustra
Omental appendices
The diaphragmatic surface of the liver is ____ and ____ and the visceral surface is ____ and inferior
Anterior
Superior
Posterior
The liver is an ________ viscus
Intraperitoneal
The visceral surface of the liver contains ____ of adjacent viscera
Impressions
The ___ artery supples the liver itself
Hepatic
The _____ vein brings blood into the liver from the ______ tract for metabolism
portal
Gastrointestinal
The portal triad of the liver comprises of?
Common bile duct
Hepatic artery
Portal vein
The _____ ligament divides the liver into the left and right lobe on the ____ surface
Falciform
Diaphragmatic
The caudate lobe and quadrate lobe of the liver are anatomically part of the ___ lobe
right
The hilum/portal hepatis of the liver separates the caudate and quadrate lobe _____
Transversely
The falciform ligament is the ___ sagittal fissure and the right sagittal fissure is formed by _____ and IVC
Gallbladder
The gall bladder sits in a groove of the _____ surface of the liver
Visceral
The cystic duct drains bile from the _____
Gallbladder
The major duodenal papillae contain ____ sphincters
Anatomical
The major duodenal papilla sphincters are usually closed so that bile from the liver is ____ into the gallbladder for storage
Refluxed
The pancreas is _____ and in the ____ upper quadrant
Retroperitoneal
Left
The accessory pancreatic duct drains only a little pancreatic fluid produced by the ___ of the pancreas into the minor duodenal papilla
Head
The spleen is well _____ hence its purple colour
vascularised
The spleen is _____peritoneal and in the ____ upper quadrant. Its hilum sits on the ____ surface
Intra
Left
Visceral
Fracture of ribs _, _, _ endanger the spleen
9
10
11
The abdominal aorta splits at the level of _
L4
The ____ trunk and superior and inferior ____ artery from the abdominal aorta supply the hollow, unpaired viscera of the GIT
Celiac
Mesenteric
Paired branches of the abdominal aorta supply ___ viscera and _____wall
Paired
Abdominal
Below the diaphragm, venous return is drained via the ___
IVC
Unpaired viscera must first drain into the _____ vein and then the _____ vein before draining into the IVC
Portal
Hepatic
