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Anat20006 > Gastrointestinal tract > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal tract Flashcards

1
Q

The anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) attaches ______ abdominal wall muscles along with the ____ crest and ______ tubercle

A

Anterior

Iliac

Pubic

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2
Q
A
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3
Q

The anterior inferior iliac spine attaches ____ ____ muscles

A

Lower limb

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4
Q

The external oblique is the ___ layer of the anterior abdominal wall and its fibres run ____

A

Superficial

Inferomedially

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5
Q

External oblique (EO) attaches to the ___ superiorly, the ____ ____ medially and the ASIS, iliac crest, pubic tubercle and crest inferiorly

A

Ribs

Linea alba

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6
Q

The medial section of the layers of anterior abdominal are _______

A

Aponeurosis

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7
Q

Where the EO aponeurosis attaches to ASIS and pubic tubercle, it forms the ______ ligament, a fibrous band curving under and posteriorly

A

Inguinal

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8
Q

The ____ artery and vein runs under the inguinal ligament

A

Femoral

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9
Q

Internal oblique (IO) fibres run ____ to EO fibres and the direction is called ________

A

perpendicular

Superomedial

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10
Q

The IO attaches to the ____ margin superiorly

A

Costal

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11
Q

The lowermost fibres of IO arise from the majority of the _____ ligament and insert into pubic crest by a ____ tendon

A

Inguinal

Conjoint

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12
Q

The transverse abdominus (TA) lowermost fibres are similar to the IO except they arise from the ____ of the inguinal ligament but have the same attachment to the pubic crest by a conjoint tendon

A

minority

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13
Q

The rectus abominus sits _____ in the anterior AW and attaches at the pubic ____ and ____ inferiorly and the ___ process and costal cartilage superiorly

A

Intermediately

Crest

Symphysis

Xiphoid

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14
Q

The rectus sheath is formed by the ___ of EO, IO and TA and forms an ____ fibrous compartment for rectus abdominus

A

Aponeurosis

Incomplete

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15
Q

The horizontal intersections of rectus abdominus are called?

A

Tendinous intersections

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16
Q

Where rectus abdominus inserts into the pubic crest, it is known as the ______ muscle

A

Pyramidalis

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17
Q

The testes develop in the ____ abdominal wall within the _____ fascia

A

Posterior

Extraperitoneal

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18
Q

The inguinal canal is the pathway for the testes and its spermatic cord in men or the ____ ligament for the uterus in women

A

Round

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19
Q

The testes cross ____ fascia and three layers of anterior abdominal wall muscles in descent

A

Transversalis

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20
Q

The deep inguinal ring is a hole in the _____ fascia while the superficial ring is where the testes leave the inguinal canal and is formed by the triangular ____ of the EO aponeurosis

A

Transversalis

split

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21
Q

The inguinal canal does not pierce the TA and IO because their fibres ____ over it

A

Arch

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22
Q

The inguinal ligament ____ inferiorly and ____ under the inguinal canal to form the floor

A

thickens

curves

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23
Q

An indirect inguinal hernia involves abdominal contents _____ into the inguinal canal and dropping into the scrotum while still within the ______ , forming a ______ sac

A

entering

Peritoneum

Peritoneal

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24
Q

A direct inguinal hernia does not involve abdominal content entering the inguinal canal instead it is the protrusion via the ___ inguinal wall (transversalis fascia)

A

Posterior

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25
Q

The abdominal wall is bound by the five ____ vertebra and their intervertebral discs and the __ ribs

A

Lumbar

12th

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26
Q
A
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27
Q

The psoas major attaches to the ____ vertebrae and passes ___ to the inguinal ligament to insert into the lesser _____ of the femur

A

Lumbar

Deep

Trochanter

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28
Q

Quadratus lumborum arises from the 12th ribs and the ____ processes of the lumbar vertebrae and inserts into the ____ crest

A

Transverse

Iliac

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29
Q

The gallbladder is a ____ viscera

A

hollow

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30
Q

The solid viscera include ____, ___ and ___

A

Liver

pancreas

spleen

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31
Q
A
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32
Q

The esophagus begins at ___, where it has an anatomical sphincter. The two other constrictions occur at __ and T10

A

C6

T4/5

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33
Q

The middle T4/5 constriction of the esophagus arises from the ____ arch and ____ main bronchus compressing it

A

Aortic

Left

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34
Q

The diaphragm acts as a _____ sphincter for the esophagus

A

functional

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35
Q

The external muscles of the esophagus are _____

The internal muscles are circular

A

Longitudinal

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36
Q

The _____ junction or Z-line is a distinct change from when the esophageal mucosa becomes stomach mucosa

A

Esophagogastric

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37
Q

The stomach is an _______ viscera and is found in the ______ ____ quadrant

A

Intraperitoneal

Upper left

38
Q

The _____ orifice is where the esophagus opens into the stomach

A

Cardiac

39
Q

The ____ of the stomach is where gas usually collects

A

Fundus

40
Q

The pyloric ____ is the part before the pyloric canal, which opens into the pyloric _____

A

Antrum

Orifice

41
Q

The pyloric canal is ____ shaped

A

Funnel

42
Q

The pyloric sphincter/pylorus is a _____ sphincter

A

Anatomical

43
Q

The gastric folds of the stomach are also called the ___

A

rugae

44
Q

The duodenum is _ shaped and is ____peritoneal

A

C

Retro

45
Q

The second part of the duodenum is against the hilum of the ___ kidney and the ___ of the pancreas

A

right

head

46
Q

The liver produces __ which is stored in the gallbladder.

A

bile

47
Q

Bile moves from the gallbladder through the common bile duct and out to the descending _____ via the major duodenal _____

A

Duodenum

Papilla

48
Q

The major duodenal papilla receives not only the common bile duct but also the main ____ duct

A

Pancreatic

49
Q

The ____ duodenal papilla only brings a small amount of pancreatic enzymes but not any bile

A

Minor

50
Q

The transverse duodenum at L3 moves behind the __ and abdominal aorta

A

IVC

51
Q

The duodenal is usually fixed and is retroperitoneal but the jejunum and ileum can move ____ and are _______

A

freely

Intraperitoneal

52
Q

The jejunum has more ____ folds and a thicker wall than the ileum and thus is also more vascular

A

Mucosa

53
Q

The jejunum has less ____ deposits in the mesentry than the ileum

A

fat

54
Q

The small intestine external muscle is ____

and the internal muscle is circular

A

Longitudinal

55
Q
A
56
Q
A
57
Q

The ascending colon leads to the hepatic flexure and is named so because it is up against the ____

A

kidney

58
Q

The splenic flexure occurs near the ____

A

spleen

59
Q

The tenia coli are the ___ muscles of the large intestine and instead of entirely enclosing the large intestine, it forms ____ longitudinal bands

A

external

three

60
Q

The omental appendices are the fatty tags hanging off the ____ ____

A

Tenia coli

61
Q

The caecum is a pouch inferior to the ____ junction and is in the lower ___ quadrant

A

Ileocaecum

right

62
Q

The three tenia coli meet at the base of the _____

A

Appendix

63
Q

The colon’s position relative the peritoneum can be remembered by ___ from the ascending colon through to the sigmoid colon

A

RIRI

R=retroperitoneal

I=Intraperitoneal

64
Q

The rectum does not contain any _____, ____ or _____

A

Tenia coli

Haustra

Omental appendices

65
Q

The diaphragmatic surface of the liver is ____ and ____ and the visceral surface is ____ and inferior

A

Anterior

Superior

Posterior

66
Q

The liver is an ________ viscus

A

Intraperitoneal

67
Q

The visceral surface of the liver contains ____ of adjacent viscera

A

Impressions

68
Q

The ___ artery supples the liver itself

A

Hepatic

69
Q

The _____ vein brings blood into the liver from the ______ tract for metabolism

A

portal

Gastrointestinal

70
Q

The portal triad of the liver comprises of?

A

Common bile duct

Hepatic artery

Portal vein

71
Q

The _____ ligament divides the liver into the left and right lobe on the ____ surface

A

Falciform

Diaphragmatic

72
Q

The caudate lobe and quadrate lobe of the liver are anatomically part of the ___ lobe

A

right

73
Q

The hilum/portal hepatis of the liver separates the caudate and quadrate lobe _____

A

Transversely

74
Q

The falciform ligament is the ___ sagittal fissure and the right sagittal fissure is formed by _____ and IVC

A

Gallbladder

75
Q

The gall bladder sits in a groove of the _____ surface of the liver

A

Visceral

76
Q

The cystic duct drains bile from the _____

A

Gallbladder

77
Q

The major duodenal papillae contain ____ sphincters

A

Anatomical

78
Q

The major duodenal papilla sphincters are usually closed so that bile from the liver is ____ into the gallbladder for storage

A

Refluxed

79
Q

The pancreas is _____ and in the ____ upper quadrant

A

Retroperitoneal

Left

80
Q
A
81
Q

The accessory pancreatic duct drains only a little pancreatic fluid produced by the ___ of the pancreas into the minor duodenal papilla

A

Head

82
Q

The spleen is well _____ hence its purple colour

A

vascularised

83
Q

The spleen is _____peritoneal and in the ____ upper quadrant. Its hilum sits on the ____ surface

A

Intra

Left

Visceral

84
Q

Fracture of ribs _, _, _ endanger the spleen

A

9

10

11

85
Q

The abdominal aorta splits at the level of _

A

L4

86
Q

The ____ trunk and superior and inferior ____ artery from the abdominal aorta supply the hollow, unpaired viscera of the GIT

A

Celiac

Mesenteric

87
Q

Paired branches of the abdominal aorta supply ___ viscera and _____wall

A

Paired

Abdominal

88
Q
A
89
Q

Below the diaphragm, venous return is drained via the ___

A

IVC

90
Q

Unpaired viscera must first drain into the _____ vein and then the _____ vein before draining into the IVC

A

Portal

Hepatic

Anat20006 (11 decks)

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