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Anat20006 > Lower Limb > Flashcards

Lower Limb Flashcards

1
Q

Why does the lower limb flex posteriorly?

A

Internal rotation during development

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2
Q

What movement is not allowed in the lower limb as to increase stability?

A

Pronation/supination

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3
Q

What is the socket of the femur called?

A

Acetabulum

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4
Q

What are the equivalent of tubercles (for muscle attachment) in the lower limb?

A

Trochanters

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5
Q

What bony arrangement does the neck of the femur lack that makes it a site of weakness?

A

Trabeculae

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6
Q

The distal tibia becomes what structure?

A

Medial malleolus

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7
Q

Does the lateral malleolus or medial malleolus extend further down the leg?

A

Lateral

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8
Q

Which of the two leg bones has most of the muscle attachments?

A

Fibula

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9
Q

What bone forms the heel and what other bone sits above it?

A

Calcaneus - heel

Talus sits above

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10
Q

The line of gravity of the body is posterior to the hip joint but anterior to what two parts of the leg?

A

knee

ankle

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11
Q

What kind of joint is the sacroiliac joint?

A

Plane synovial

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12
Q

What joins pubis together anteriorly? What does it make this joint type?

A

Cartilage

Cartilaginous

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13
Q

What ligament twists medial inferiorly at the hip joint in hip extension?

A

Iliofemoral ligament

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14
Q

What ligament is underneath the iliofemoral ligament?

A

Pubofemoral ligament

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15
Q

What structures along the femur neck make it a dangerous place to fracture?

A

Longitudinally organised vessels

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16
Q

What are the two joints in the one knee joint capsule?

What type are they?

A

Tibiofemoral

Patellofemoral

Hinge synovial

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17
Q

What are the semilunar fibrocartilage discs which increase contact surface at the knee joint?

A

Medial and lateral menisci

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18
Q

What are the two intracapsular ligaments of the knee?

A

ACL

PCL

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19
Q

What function does the ACL have?

A

Stops tibia sliding forwards

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20
Q

What attaches the menisci of the knee to the tibia plateau?

A

Horns

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21
Q

What are the two extracapsular ligaments of the knee?

A

MCL

LCL

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22
Q

What kind of stress does the lateral collateral ligament resist?

A

Varus stress

(adduction)

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23
Q

What is the main difference in the form of the LCL and MCL?

A

LCL is narrow, attaches to tibia

MCL is broad a flat, attaches to medial meniscus

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24
Q

What stress does the medial collateral ligament resist?

A

Valgus stress (abduction)

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25
Q

What bursa is continuous with the joint cavity of the knee?

A

Suprapatellar bursa

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26
Q

What structure swells when the synovial membrane of the knee is torn from an ACL injury?

A

Suprapatellar bursa

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27
Q

What are the three structures in the knee most prone to injury?

A

ACL

MCL

medial meniscus

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28
Q

What kind of joint is the tibiofibular joint proximally?

A

Plane synovial

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29
Q

What kind of joint is the tibiofibular joint inferiorly?

A

Fibrous syndesmosis joint

30
Q

The talocrural (ankle) joint is what kind of joint and what movement occurs here?

A

Hinge

Plantar/dorsi flexion

31
Q

What are the ligaments of the talocrural joint?

A

4 medial (deltoid) ligaments

3 Lateral ligaments (prone to sprains)

32
Q

The _____ ____ is specialised fascia of the thigh and thickens to form the ________ band and attaches to the ______ knee

A

Fascia lata

Iliotibial

lateral

33
Q

What are the muscles that make up the anterior pelvic girdle or Iliopsoas muscle which flex the hip??

A

Iliacus

Psoas major

Psoas minor

34
Q

The gluteus minimus abducts the hip but also ______ the position of the ______ during locomotion

A

Maintains

Pelvis

35
Q

The three _____ muscles medialis, lateralis and intermedius along with rectus femoris (a hip flexor) make up the quadriceps

A

Vastus medialis

36
Q

The anterior compartment of the thigh is made up the quadriceps and __________

A

Sartorius

37
Q

The vastus medialis maintains the alignment of the patella. When it is weak which direction does the patella dislocate?

A

Laterally

38
Q

The hamstring has three muscles which run over 2 joints. Where are their origins?

A

Base of the ischium

39
Q

What are the three hamstring muscles?

A

Semimembranosus

Semitendinosus

Biceps femoris

40
Q

The medial compartment of the thigh contains muscles which ______

A

Adduct the hip

41
Q

The muscles which evert the leg are contained in the _____ compartment of the leg

A

Lateral

42
Q

The anterior compartment of the leg contains muscles which ____ the ankle and ____ the toes

A

Dorsiflex

Extend

43
Q

What is the common name of tenoperiostosis and how does it occur?

A

Shin splints

Anterior tibialis tearing off

44
Q

The deep fascia in the leg are _____ bound and may _____ neurovascular structures if swelling occurs

A

Tightly

Compress

45
Q

The fibularis longus and brevis are collectively called the _____ muscles and are ______ of the foot

A

Peroneus

Everters

46
Q

The soleus sits deep to the gastrocnemius. Both attach to the calcaneus via what tendon?

A

Calcaneal tendon/Achilles tendon

47
Q

The gastrocnemius, plantaris and soleus are _____ muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg

A

Superficial

48
Q

The deep muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg such as tibialis posterior perform _______ of the ankle and toes

A

Plantar flexion

49
Q

The ______ _______ supports the foot arch

A

Plantar aponeurosis

50
Q

Two joint muscles in the lower limb such as _____, _____ and ____ are prone to strain in dynamic activities

A

Gastrocnemius/soleus

Hamstring

Quadriceps

51
Q

The common iliac artery branches to become the internal and external iliac artery. When the external iliac artery crosses the inguinal ligament it is then known the ______ ________

A

Femoral artery

52
Q

The femoral artery moves ______, then medially, then _______

A

Anteriorly

Posteriorly

53
Q

When the femoral artery reaches the knee, is known as the _____ artery which then branches to become the anterior and posterior ______ artery

A

Popliteal

Tibial

54
Q

The great _____ vein is a ______ vein which runs anteriorly on the leg

A

Saphenous

Superficial

55
Q

Which muscle in the leg is involved in the muscular venous pump?

A

Soleus

56
Q

Varicose veins result from failure of ______ veins. This failure allows blood to flow in both directions.

A

Perforating

57
Q

The great saphenous vein is involved in what kind of grafts?

A

Coronary artery grafts

58
Q

The ________ plexus supplies the lower limb

A

Lumbosacral

59
Q

The gluteal nerves run posteriorly, while the ______ nerve runs medial-posteriorly in the thigh

A

Sciatic

60
Q

What three nerves run in the leg?

A

Deep/superficial peroneal/fibular nerve (deep branch is medial)

Tibial nerve

61
Q

What nerves make up the lumbosacral plexus?

A

L1-4

S1-3

62
Q

The femoral nerve arises from L_,_,_, supplies the ____ compartment of the thigh and passes under the _______ ligament

A

2,3,4

anterior/extensor

inguinal

63
Q

The obturator nerve has the same origins as the femoral nerve but supplies ______ muscles of the thigh. It is usually the origin of pain from pain in the _____ and the _____

A

Adductor

Ovary

Knee

64
Q

Gluteal nerves arise from the lower segment of the lumbosacral plexus (L4,5 S1) and exits the pelvis through the _______ ______ foramen

A

Greater sciatic

65
Q

The ______ nerve arises from the very lower part of the lumbosacral plexus (L4,5 S1,2,3) and divides at the popliteal fossa in the knee to become the tibial and common peroneal nerve?

A

Sciatic

66
Q

What nerve is it important to consider the position of before administering a gluteal injection?

A

Sciatic nerve

67
Q

What nerve runs under the tarsal tunnel and divides into the plantar nerves?

A

Tibial

68
Q

Which nerve passes around the head of the fibula?

A

Common peroneal/fibular nerve

69
Q
A
70
Q
A

Anat20006 (11 decks)

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