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Year 3 - Musculoskeletal > Upper limb 3 > Flashcards

Upper limb 3 Flashcards

Anterior forearm Wrist Hand

1
Q

Anterior forearm has 3 layers - name them

How many muscles are there in each compartment

A

Superficial - 4
Intermediate - 1
Deep - 3

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2
Q

Name the 4 muscles of the superficial layer of the anterior forearm

A

Pronator teres
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi ulnaris

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3
Q

The superficial layer of muscles of the anterior forearm (Pronator teres, Flexor carpi radialis, Palmaris longus, Flexor carpi ulnaris) all originate from a common tendon arising from where

A

Medial epicondyle of humerus

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4
Q

The superficial layer of muscles of the anterior forearm all have what common function apart from pronator teres

A

Flex the wrist

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5
Q

Functions of the superficial layer of muscles of the anterior forearm

  • pronator teres (1)
  • Flexor carpi radialis (2)
  • Palmaris longus (1)
  • Flexor carpi ulnaris (2)
A

Pronator teres - pronate forearm
FCR - flex wrist + abduct wrist
Palmaris longus - flex wrist
FCU - flex wrist + adduct wrist

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6
Q

Innervation of the superficial layer of muscles of the anterior forearm

  • pronator teres
  • Flexor carpi radialis
  • Palmaris longus
  • Flexor carpi ulnaris

There are 3 that have the same

A

Median
Median
Median
Ulnar

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7
Q

Brachioradialis WEAKLY FLEXES THE ELBOW but actually belongs to which compartment of the forearm because it’s innervated by what nerve

A

Posterior - because innervated by radial nerve

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8
Q

Name the 1 muscle in the intermediate compartment of the anterior forearm

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis

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9
Q

How many tendons does FDS have

the intermediate muscle in anterior forearm

A

4 (the muscle splits into four tendons at the wrist, which travel through the carpal tunnel and attach to the middle phalange of the medial 4 fingers)

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10
Q

Functions of FDS (3)

the intermediate muscle in anterior forearm

A

Flexes the MCP joints
Flexes the PIP joints of the medial 4 fingers
Flexes the wrist

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11
Q

Innervation of FDS

the intermediate muscle in anterior forearm

A

Median

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12
Q

Name the 3 muscles of the deep compartment of the anterior forearm

A

Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor pollicis longus
Pronator quadratus

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13
Q

Functions of FDP (3)

one of the 3 muscles of the deep compartment of anterior forearm

A

Flex DIP joints of medial 4 fingers
Flex MCP joints
Flex wrist

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14
Q

FDP has a dual nerve supply - what are they

one of the 3 muscles of the deep compartment of anterior forearm

A

Medial 2 fingers - ulnar nerve

Lateral 2 fingers - median nerve

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15
Q

Functions of FPL (3)

one of the 3 muscles of the deep compartment of anterior forearm

A

Flex IP joint of thumb
Flex MCP joint of thumb
Flex wrist

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16
Q

Innervation of FPL

one of the 3 muscles of the deep compartment of anterior forearm

A

Median nerve

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17
Q

Function of pronator quadratus

one of the 3 muscles of the deep compartment of anterior forearm

A

Pronate forearm

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18
Q

Innervation of pronator quadratus

one of the 3 muscles of the deep compartment of anterior forearm

A

Median nerve

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19
Q

Median nerve is located where in relation to brachial artery

A

Medial

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20
Q

Median nerve supplies all muscles in the forearm except (2)

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU)]

Medial half of flexor digitorum profundus (FDP)

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21
Q

Ulnar nerve passes posterior to the medial epicondyle of the humerus and enters the forearm by …

A

passing between the heads of FCU

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22
Q

Ulnar nerve is located where in relation to the ulnar artery

A

Medial

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23
Q

2 terminal branches of brachial artery

A

Radial + ulnar

24
Q

Brachial artery divides where

A

Neck of radius

25
Q

What is the carpal tunnel

  • deep to what
  • laterally bounded by what bones
  • medially bounded by what bones
A

Passageway deep to the flexor retinaculum, between the scaphoid and trapezium laterally and the pisiform and hamate bone medially

26
Q

What is the flexor retinaculum

A

Strong fibrous band

27
Q

Contents passing through the carpal tunnel to enter the hand (4)

A

Median nerve
4 tendons of FDP
4 tendons of FDS
1 tendon of FPL

28
Q

Most sensitive structure within the carpal tunnel

A

Median nerve

29
Q

What is carpal tunnel syndrome

A

Lesion that significantly reduces the size of the carpal tunnel –> compression of median nerve –> abnormal sensation of area innervated by the nerve

30
Q

What fibrous tissue covers the palm

A

Palmar aponeurosis

31
Q

Which muscle of the forearm is continuous with the fascia of the palm

A

Palmar longus

32
Q

Intrinsic muscles of the hand are separated into 5 compartments

A 
Thenar muscles
Hypothenar muscles
Adductor muscles
Lumbricals
Interossei
33
Q

Thenar muscles form the thenar eminence at the base of the thumb and are responsible for opposition of the thumb

Name the 3 thenar muscles

A

Flexor pollicis brevis - most medial
Abductor pollicis brevis
Opponens pollicis - most lateral

34
Q

Innervation of the thenar muscles

A

Median nerve

35
Q

Hypothenar muscles form the hypothenar eminence on the medial side of palm

Name the 3 hypothenar muscles

A

Abductor digiti minimi - medial
Flexor digiti minimi - lateral
Opponens digiti minimi - deep to both

36
Q

Innervation of the hypothenar muscles

A

Ulnar nerve

37
Q

Adductor pollicis (technically also a thenar muscle) has 2 heads named …

A

oblique (from base of 2nd + 3rd metacarpal) + transverse (from anterior surface of 3rd metacarpal) head

38
Q

Function + innervation of adductor pollicis

A

Adduct thumb

Ulnar nerve

39
Q

Lumbricals are the 4 short worm-like muscles

From which long flexor tendons do they originate

A

The 4 tendons of flexor digitorum profundus

40
Q

Functions of lumbricals (2)

A

Flex MCP joint of digits 2-5 while simultaneously extending IP joint of digits 2-5

41
Q

Innervation of lumbricals

A

Medial 2 - ulnar

Lateral 2 - median

42
Q

Where are the interossei + how many are there

A

Between the metacarpal bones

7 - 4 dorsal interossei + 3 palmar interossei

43
Q

Function of dorsal and palmar interossei

Hint: think pneumonic

A

Dorsal interossei - abduct fingers

Palmar interossei - adduct fingers

44
Q

Innervation of interossei

A

Ulnar

45
Q

Lesion of which trunk of the brachial plexus affects the short muscles of the hand - what is this condition known as

A

Inferior trunk (C8-T1) - causes klumpke paralysis

46
Q

Blood supply of the hand formed by what 2 arches

A

Superficial + deep palmar arch - formed by the ulnar and radial arteries

47
Q

Main contributing artery to

  • superficial palmar arch
  • deep palmar arch
A

ulnar

radial

48
Q

What nerve doesn’t supply any hand muscles

But does supply what to the hand?

A

Radial - supplies sensation to the dorsal surface of the lateral 3 fingers (but not the tips of these fingers)

49
Q

Ulnar nerve innervates most intrinsic muscles of the hand except (3)

A

Thenar muscles

1st + 2nd lumbricals

50
Q

Draw out dermatomes

A 
C5 - regimental badge area
C6 - thumb
C7 - middle finger
C8 - pinky
T1 - medial elbow
T2 - axilla
51
Q

draw out carpal bones

A

.

52
Q

Wrist joint is what type of joint

A

Synovial condyloid or ellipsoid

53
Q

Which bone forms the proximal part of the wrist joint

A

Radius

54
Q

Movements of wrist joint (5)

A 
Flexion
Extension
Circumduction
Adduction
Abduction
55
Q

Combined action of extensor and flexor carpi ulnaris

A

Adduction

56
Q

Muscles that abduct wrist joint (4)

A

Abductor pollicis longus
Flexor carpi radialis
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extensor carpi radialis brevis

Year 3 - Musculoskeletal (26 decks)

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