Growth, injury + repair - BONE Flashcards
Location of the primary ossification centre
Long bones - in the diaphysis
Irregular bones - in the body of the bone
Location of the secondary ossification centre (appears after the primary centre - postnatal and adolescent years) in long bones
In the epiphyses
Where does longitudinal growth occur in long bones
Epiphyseal plate (thin layer of hyaline cartilage) that lies between the epiphyses and metaphyses
Cortical bone makes up what part of long bones
Spongy bone makes up what part of long bones
Diaphysis
Metaphysis
Function of spongy bone
Resists/absorbs compression
How many stages of fracture repair
4
Name and describe the 4 stages of fracture repair
Stage 1 - inflammation
-driven by haematoma and fibrin clot
Stage 2 - soft callus formation
-bony fragments rejoined by cartilage or fibrous tissue
Stage 3 - hard callus formation
-conversion of cartilage to woven bone
Stage 4 - bone remodelling
-conversion of woven bone to lamellar bone
Fracture healing may take longer if…
‘delayed union’
high energy injury bone instability infection on steroids smoking on immunosuppressants
Bone may fail to heal if…
fibrocartilage fails to calcify
bone instability
abundant callus formation
If healing is delayed, consider…
different fixation
bone grafting
Stage 1 (inflammation) of fracture healing can be treated with
NSAIDs
Surgery to release haematoma
Platelet rich plasma injection
Stage 1 (soft callus formation) of fracture healing can be treated with
Replacing cartilage with demineralised bone matrix injection
Bone graft or substitute
