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Year 3 - Musculoskeletal > Lower limb 1 > Flashcards

Lower limb 1 Flashcards

1
Q

2 superficial veins of the lower limb

A

Great and small/short saphenous vein

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2
Q

Which superficial vein ascends anterior to medial malleus of the tibia

A

Great saphenous

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3
Q

Which vein ascends posterior to lateral malleolus

A

Small saphenous

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4
Q

Which superficial vein empties into the femoral vein

A

Great saphenous

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5
Q

Which superficial vein empties into the popliteal vein

A

Small saphenous

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6
Q

Deep veins of the lower limb are clinically associated with what

A

DVT

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7
Q

Lymphatic vessels accompanying the great saphenous vein drain into which lymph nodes

A

Superficial inguinal

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8
Q

Lymphatic vessels accompanying the small saphenous vein drain into which lymph nodes

A

Popliteal lymph nodes

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9
Q

Dermatome to medial knee

A

L3

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10
Q

Dermatome to little toe

A

S1

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11
Q

Print leg dermatomes

A

.

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12
Q

Hip joint is what type of joint

A

Ball and socket

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13
Q

Why is the hip joint more stable than the shoulder joint

A

Because ball of the femur is almost entirely surrounded by socket of the pelvis whereas shoulder joint is like a golf ball resting on a tee

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14
Q

What is the acetabular labrum

A

Ring of cartilage surrounding acetabulum

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15
Q

Function of acetabular labrum

A

Deepens the acetabular cavity so increasing the surface of the hip joint

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16
Q

Articular parts of hip joint

A

Acetabulum of pelvis with head of femur

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17
Q

3 main ligaments of hip joint

A

Ilio-femoral
Pubofemoral
Ischiofemoral

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18
Q

Ilio-femoral ligament prevents what

A

Hyper-extension of hip joint

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19
Q

Pubofemoral ligament prevents what

A

Hyper-abduction of hip joint

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20
Q

Movements of the hip joint (7)

A

Flexion/extension
Abduction/adduction
External (lateral) / internal (medial) rotation
Circumduction

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21
Q

Main flexors of the hip (3)

A

Iliopsoas - MAIN
Rectus femoris
Sartorius

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22
Q

Iliacus and psoas muscled share which common insertion of the femur

A

Lesser trochanter

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23
Q

Extensors of the hip (5) + main one

A

Gluteus maximus - MAIN

Hamstrings

  • semimembranosus
  • semitendinosus
  • biceps femoris

Adductor magnus

24
Q

Adductors of the hip joint (adduct thigh at hip joint) (6)

A

Adductor longus, brevis and magnus

Pectineus

Gracilis

Obturator externus

25
Q

Adductors are generally innervated by what nerve

A

Obturator

26
Q

Abductors of the hip joint

A

Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Piriformis
Tensor fascia latae

27
Q

There’s no lateral of abductor compartment of the thigh like there is for adductors, but rather the deep gluteal muscles carry out this role via their attachment to what on the femur

A

Greater trochanter

28
Q

Injury to the nerve supply of abductors causes what clinical problem

A

Trendelenberg gait - one Sid eof pelvis drops when walking because abductors on supporting limb side can’t contract to keep pelvis level

29
Q

Medial rotators of the hip (3)

A

Anterior fibres of gluteus medium
Anterior fibres of gluteus minibus
Tensor fascia latae

30
Q

Muscles of the thigh are organised into 3 compartments

A

Anterior (quadriceps or extensors of knee)

Medial (adductors of hip)

Posterior (hamstrings or flexors of knee)

31
Q

Quadriceps femoris - 4 headed muscle consisting of

A

Rectus femoris
Vastus medialis
Vastus lateralis
Vastus intermedius

32
Q

Function of rectus femoris on hip joint

A

Stabilise hip joint + assists iliopsoas in flexing hip

33
Q

4 parts of the quadriceps unite to form the quadriceps tendon proximal to the patella and continues as the

A

patellar ligament

34
Q

Where does the patellar ligament attach

A

Tibial tuberosity

35
Q

Most superficial muscle of anterior thigh

A

Sartorius

36
Q

Functions of sartorius (acts on both hip and knee) (4)

A

Flex hip
Abduct hip
Laterally rotate thigh at hip
Flex knee

37
Q

Which nerve innervates the medial thigh muscles, i.e. the adductors

A

Obturator

38
Q

Through which bony foramen does the nerve that innervates the adductors of the thigh enter the thigh through

A

Obturator foramen

39
Q

The obturator foramen is almost completely occluded by what muscle, leaving only a small canal for the neurovascular structures

A

Obturator internus

40
Q

What passes through the adductor hiatus

A

Femoral artery

Femoral vein

41
Q

Femoral artery is continuation of what

A

External iliac

42
Q

Femoral artery enters the thigh midway between which 2 bony surface markings

Pulse can be felt here

A

ASIS + pubic symphysis

43
Q

Large branch of femoral artery which passes posteriorly toward the hamstrings

A

Profunda femoris

44
Q

Femoral vein is continuation of what vein

A

Popliteal vein

45
Q

Femoral vein passes under inguinal ligament to continue as which vein

A

External iliac vein

46
Q

What 2 veins drain into the femoral vein in the femoral triangle

A

Profunda femoris vein

Great saphenous vein

47
Q

Clinical use of femoral vein

A

Cannulation for right cardiac angiography

48
Q

Largest branch of lumbar plexus

A

Femoral nerve

49
Q

All the adductors of the hip are innervated by obturator nerve except which muscle

A

Pectineus - femoral

50
Q

Boundaries of femoral triangle

  • superior
  • medial
  • lateral
  • base
A

Superior - inguinal ligament
Medial - adductor longus
Lateral - sartorius
Base - pectineus, iliopsoas, adductor longus

51
Q

3 major contents of the femoral triangle

A

Femoral nerve, artery, vein

52
Q

Femoral sheath is divided into 3 spaces

  • laterally occupied by
  • intermediately occupied by
  • medially occupied by
A

Lateral - femoral artery
Intermediate - femoral vein
Medial - femoral canal (space for lymphatics)

53
Q

What is the adductor canal (hunter’s canal)

A

Tunnel in the thigh extending from the femoral triangle to the adductor hiatus of the adductor magnus

54
Q

Contents of the adductor canal

A

Femoral artery
Femoral vein
Saphenous nerve
Nerve to vastus medialis

55
Q

Lumbar plexus of nerves emerge through which muscle on the posterior abdo wall

A

Psoas major

56
Q

Nerve roots of

  • femoral nerve
  • obturator nerve
A

L2-4

L2-4

57
Q

Which nerve roots contribute to formation of lumbar plexus

A

L1-4

Year 3 - Musculoskeletal (26 decks)

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