Lower limb 1 Flashcards
2 superficial veins of the lower limb
Great and small/short saphenous vein
Which superficial vein ascends anterior to medial malleus of the tibia
Great saphenous
Which vein ascends posterior to lateral malleolus
Small saphenous
Which superficial vein empties into the femoral vein
Great saphenous
Which superficial vein empties into the popliteal vein
Small saphenous
Deep veins of the lower limb are clinically associated with what
DVT
Lymphatic vessels accompanying the great saphenous vein drain into which lymph nodes
Superficial inguinal
Lymphatic vessels accompanying the small saphenous vein drain into which lymph nodes
Popliteal lymph nodes
Dermatome to medial knee
L3
Dermatome to little toe
S1
Print leg dermatomes
.
Hip joint is what type of joint
Ball and socket
Why is the hip joint more stable than the shoulder joint
Because ball of the femur is almost entirely surrounded by socket of the pelvis whereas shoulder joint is like a golf ball resting on a tee
What is the acetabular labrum
Ring of cartilage surrounding acetabulum
Function of acetabular labrum
Deepens the acetabular cavity so increasing the surface of the hip joint
Articular parts of hip joint
Acetabulum of pelvis with head of femur
3 main ligaments of hip joint
Ilio-femoral
Pubofemoral
Ischiofemoral
Ilio-femoral ligament prevents what
Hyper-extension of hip joint
Pubofemoral ligament prevents what
Hyper-abduction of hip joint
Movements of the hip joint (7)
Flexion/extension
Abduction/adduction
External (lateral) / internal (medial) rotation
Circumduction
Main flexors of the hip (3)
Iliopsoas - MAIN
Rectus femoris
Sartorius
Iliacus and psoas muscled share which common insertion of the femur
Lesser trochanter
Extensors of the hip (5) + main one
Gluteus maximus - MAIN
Hamstrings
- semimembranosus
- semitendinosus
- biceps femoris
Adductor magnus
Adductors of the hip joint (adduct thigh at hip joint) (6)
Adductor longus, brevis and magnus
Pectineus
Gracilis
Obturator externus
Adductors are generally innervated by what nerve
Obturator
Abductors of the hip joint
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Piriformis
Tensor fascia latae
There’s no lateral of abductor compartment of the thigh like there is for adductors, but rather the deep gluteal muscles carry out this role via their attachment to what on the femur
Greater trochanter
Injury to the nerve supply of abductors causes what clinical problem
Trendelenberg gait - one Sid eof pelvis drops when walking because abductors on supporting limb side can’t contract to keep pelvis level
Medial rotators of the hip (3)
Anterior fibres of gluteus medium
Anterior fibres of gluteus minibus
Tensor fascia latae
Muscles of the thigh are organised into 3 compartments
Anterior (quadriceps or extensors of knee)
Medial (adductors of hip)
Posterior (hamstrings or flexors of knee)
Quadriceps femoris - 4 headed muscle consisting of
Rectus femoris
Vastus medialis
Vastus lateralis
Vastus intermedius
Function of rectus femoris on hip joint
Stabilise hip joint + assists iliopsoas in flexing hip
4 parts of the quadriceps unite to form the quadriceps tendon proximal to the patella and continues as the
patellar ligament
Where does the patellar ligament attach
Tibial tuberosity
Most superficial muscle of anterior thigh
Sartorius
Functions of sartorius (acts on both hip and knee) (4)
Flex hip
Abduct hip
Laterally rotate thigh at hip
Flex knee
Which nerve innervates the medial thigh muscles, i.e. the adductors
Obturator
Through which bony foramen does the nerve that innervates the adductors of the thigh enter the thigh through
Obturator foramen
The obturator foramen is almost completely occluded by what muscle, leaving only a small canal for the neurovascular structures
Obturator internus
What passes through the adductor hiatus
Femoral artery
Femoral vein
Femoral artery is continuation of what
External iliac
Femoral artery enters the thigh midway between which 2 bony surface markings
Pulse can be felt here
ASIS + pubic symphysis
Large branch of femoral artery which passes posteriorly toward the hamstrings
Profunda femoris
Femoral vein is continuation of what vein
Popliteal vein
Femoral vein passes under inguinal ligament to continue as which vein
External iliac vein
What 2 veins drain into the femoral vein in the femoral triangle
Profunda femoris vein
Great saphenous vein
Clinical use of femoral vein
Cannulation for right cardiac angiography
Largest branch of lumbar plexus
Femoral nerve
All the adductors of the hip are innervated by obturator nerve except which muscle
Pectineus - femoral
Boundaries of femoral triangle
- superior
- medial
- lateral
- base
Superior - inguinal ligament
Medial - adductor longus
Lateral - sartorius
Base - pectineus, iliopsoas, adductor longus
3 major contents of the femoral triangle
Femoral nerve, artery, vein
Femoral sheath is divided into 3 spaces
- laterally occupied by
- intermediately occupied by
- medially occupied by
Lateral - femoral artery
Intermediate - femoral vein
Medial - femoral canal (space for lymphatics)
What is the adductor canal (hunter’s canal)
Tunnel in the thigh extending from the femoral triangle to the adductor hiatus of the adductor magnus
Contents of the adductor canal
Femoral artery
Femoral vein
Saphenous nerve
Nerve to vastus medialis
Lumbar plexus of nerves emerge through which muscle on the posterior abdo wall
Psoas major
Nerve roots of
- femoral nerve
- obturator nerve
L2-4
L2-4
Which nerve roots contribute to formation of lumbar plexus
L1-4
