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Year 3 - Musculoskeletal > Lower limb 2 > Flashcards

Lower limb 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Pelvic girdle is completed anteriorly and posteriorly by what

A

Anteriorly - pubic symphysis

Posteriorly - sacroiliac joints

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2
Q

Which sciatic foramen is the route for structures entering/leaving pelvis

A

Greater

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3
Q

Which sciatic foramen is the route for structures entering/leaving the perineum

A

Lesser

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4
Q

Note where ischial spine is - pg 110

A

.

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5
Q

What does the sacrospinous ligament connect

A

Outer edge of sacrum and coccyx to ischial spine

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6
Q

List the 4 muscles of the superficial layer of the gluteal region + what 2 actions do these muscles mainly carry out

(there is superficial and deep layer)

A

Gluteus maximus
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Tensor fascia latae

ABDUCTION + EXTENSION

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7
Q

List the 5 muscles of the deep layer of the gluteal region + what is their main action

A 
Quadratus femoris
Piriformis
Gemellus superior
Gemellus inferior
Obturator internus

LATERAL ROTATION

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8
Q

The fascia lata is the deep fascia of the thigh. It encloses the thigh muscles.

What is the iliotibial tract/band

A

Extension of the fascia lata on the lateral side of thigh

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9
Q

What 2 muscles are attached to the iliotibial tract

A

Tensor fascia latae and gluteus maximus

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10
Q

Actions of gluteus maximus (2)

A

Extend hip

Laterally rotate hip

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11
Q

Innervation of gluteus maximus

A

Inferior gluteal nerve

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12
Q

Actions of gluteus medius (2)

A

Abduct + medially rotate hip

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13
Q

Actions of gluteus minimus (2)

A

Abduct + medially rotate hip

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14
Q

Actions of tensor fascia latae

A

Assists the gluteus medius and minimus in abduction and medial rotation of hip

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15
Q

Innervation of gluteus medius, minimus and tensor fascia latae

A

Superior gluteal nerve

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16
Q

Function of the deep muscles of the gluteal region (i.e. Quadratus femoris, Piriformis, Gemellus superior, Gemellus inferior, Obturator internus) (2)

A

Stabilise the hip joint by ‘pulling’ the femoral head into the acetabulum of the pelvis

Laterally rotate hip

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17
Q

Nerve roots of sacral plexus

A

Ventral rami of L2-S4

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18
Q

Anterior to which posterior pelvic muscle are the roots of the sacral plexus found

A

Piriformis

19
Q

2 main branches of sacral plexus

A

Sciatic + pudenal

20
Q

Root value of

  • superior gluteal nerve
  • inferior gluteal nerve
A

L4-S1

L5-S2

21
Q

Other branches of sacral plexus that aren’t superior/inferior gluteal nerve, sciatic nerve or pudenal nerve

A

Nerve to piriformis
Posterior femoral cutaneous
Nerve to quadratus femoris
Nerve to obturator internus

22
Q

Inferior to which gluteal muscle does the sciatic nerve emerge

A

Piriformis

23
Q

2 terminal branches of the sciatic nerve

A

Tibial

Common fibular

24
Q

Does the sciatic nerve supply any muscles in the gluteal region

A

No

25
Q

Posterior thigh muscles are collectively called the hamstrings - they act on both HIP + KNEE

Name the 3 muscles from lateral to medial

A

Biceps femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus

26
Q

Action of the hamstringing on

  • hip
  • knee
A

Extend hip

Flex knee

27
Q

Innervation of hamstrings

A

Sciatic

28
Q

Knee joint type

A

Synovial hinge

29
Q

Which leg bone isn’t involved in knee joint

A

Fibula

30
Q

Most important muscle that stabilises knee joint

A

Quadriceps femoris

31
Q

What are the 4 ligaments of the knee

A

Medial/lateral collateral

Anterior/posterior cruciate

32
Q

The midpoint of the medial collateral ligament is firmly attached to what structure in the knee

A

Medial meniscus

33
Q

Why is the attachment of the MCL to the medial meniscus clinically important

A

Because tearing of the MCL frequently results in tearing of medial meniscus as well

34
Q

Which cruciate ligament is weaker but prevents femur from sliding posteriorly on the tibia

A

Anterior cruciate

35
Q

The posterior cruciate ligament prevents what

A

the femur sliding anteriorly on the tibia

36
Q

What are the menisci made of

A

Fibrocartilage

37
Q

Functions of menisci

A

Deepen articular surface of tibia

Shock absorption

38
Q

What is the ‘unhappy triad’ of knee injuries

A

Lateral blow to knee putting load on MCL –> tears MCL –> tears medial meniscus –> all load put on ACL which then tears

39
Q

List the muscles that flex the knee (4)

A

Hamstrings
Gracilis
Sartorius
Popliteus

40
Q

Name the muscle that extends the knee

A

Quadriceps femoris

41
Q

Innervation of popliteus

A

Tibial nerve (branch of sciatic)

42
Q

Innervation of gracilis (think - it’s in medial compartment of thigh)

A

Obturator nerve

43
Q

Which bursa communicates with the articular cavity of the knee joint

A

Suprapatellar

44
Q

Clinical significance of bursa around the knee

A

Friction between skin and patella can cause the prepatellar bursa to inflame –> distends with fluid and becomes swollen –> prepatellar bursitis “HOUSEMAID’S KNEE”

Year 3 - Musculoskeletal (26 decks)

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