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Year 3 - Musculoskeletal > Upper limb 2 > Flashcards

Upper limb 2 Flashcards

Arm Elbow

1
Q

Which tubercle of the humerus is more in the midline

A

Lesser

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2
Q

What is the line that separates the greater and lesser tubercle of the humerus

A

Intertubercular sulcus

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3
Q

What is the fossa called on the posterior aspect of the humerus that occupies a part of the ulna

A

Olecranon fossa

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4
Q

What 2 features of the humerus make up the condyle

A

Capitulum + trochlea

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5
Q

The arm is divided into anterior (flexor) + posterior (extensor) compartment

What are the 3 major muscles of the anterior compartment that act on the elbow and superior radio-ulnar joint

A

Biceps brachii
Corachobrachialis
Brachialis

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6
Q

Most anterior muscle of the anterior arm

A

Biceps brachii

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7
Q

Biceps brachii origin + distal attachment

A

Origin

  • short head - coracoid process of scpaula
  • long head - supraglenoid tubercle of scapula

Distal
-both heads unite then insert into radial tuberosity

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8
Q

Functions of biceps brachii (3)

A

Flex arm at elbow
Flex arm at shoulder - at GH joint
Supinate forearm - at superior radio-ulnar joint

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9
Q

Innervation of all muscles in the anterior arm

A

Musculocutaneous (= C5-7 nerve roots)

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10
Q

Which segmental fibres of the musculocutaneous nerve is the main innervator of the biceps brachii

A

C6

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11
Q

Which cord of the brachial plexus does the musculocutaneous nerve arise

A

Lateral cord

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12
Q

Corachobrachialis origin + distal attachment

A

Origin - coracoid process of scapula

Distal - medial mid-shaft humerus

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13
Q

Corachobrachialis functions (2)

A

Flex arm at GH joint

Weak adduction of arm at GH joint

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14
Q

Corachobrachialis and brachialis lie where in relation to biceps brachii

A

Deep to it in the anterior arm

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15
Q

Brachialis origin + distal attachment

A

Origin - anterior mid-shaft humerus

Distal - ulnar tuberosity

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16
Q

Function of brachialis

A

Flex elbow

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17
Q

Course of musculocutaneous nerve

  • enters arm by perforating what muscle
  • after innervating anterior arm, continues as what
A

Leaves the axilla and enters the arm by perforating the corachobrachialis and then descends between biceps brachii and brachialis

After innervating the anterior arm, it continues as the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm

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18
Q

The musculocutaneous nerve does not innervate any muscles of the forearm but does supply what…

A

sensation to the lateral aspect of forearm (hence lateral cutaneous nerve)

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19
Q

The brachial artery divides in the cubital fossa into

A

radial + ulnar arteries

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20
Q

The brachial artery gives off a deep artery in the arm

A

Profunda femoris

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21
Q

4 main nerves passing through the arm

A

Median
Ulnar
Musculocutaneous
Radial

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22
Q

The median nerve has 2 roots arising from which 2 cords of the brachial plexus

A

Medial root from medial cord

Lateral root from lateral cord

23
Q

Nerve roots of median nerve

A

C6- T1

24
Q

Course of median nerve

A

Exits the axilla and descends down the arm lateral to the brachial artery

Halfway down the arm, the nerve crosses over the brachial artery to the medial side of the arm then enters the anterior compartment of the forearm via the cubital fossa

25
Q

Does the median nerve innervate the arm

A

No

26
Q

Ulnar nerve arises from which cord of the brachial plexus

A

Medial

27
Q

Course of ulnar nerve

A

Exits the axilla and descends down the medial aspect of the upper arm.

At the elbow, it passes posterior to the medial epicondyle of the humerus to enter the posterior compartment of the arm

28
Q

Nerve roots of ulnar nerve

A

C8-T1

29
Q

Does the ulnar nerve innervate the arm

A

No

30
Q

Nerve innervating

  • anterior arm (1)
  • posterior arm (1)
  • forearm (2)
A

Anterior arm - musculocutaneous
Posterior arm - radial
Forearm - median + ulnar

31
Q

Boundaries of cubital fossa

  • superior border
  • medial border
  • lateral border
  • roof
A

Superior - imagining line drawn between the 2 epicondyles of the humerus

Medial - pronator teres

Lateral - Brachioradialis

Roof - skin + fascia

32
Q

Contents of the cubital fossa

A

Radial nerve
Biceps brachii tendon
Brachial artery
Median nerve

33
Q

What vein runs within the roof of the cubital fossa

A

Median cubital - used for venipuncture

34
Q

Posterior compartment of arm contains one big muscle that occupies the whole compartment - name this

A

Triceps brachii

35
Q

Triceps has 3 heads - what is its origin + distal attachment

A

Origin

  • long head - infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
  • short heads
  • –> lateral head - humerus, superior to radial groove
  • –> medial head - humerus, lateral to radial groove

Distal
-heads converge and insert into olecranon of ulna

36
Q

Coronoid process is part of which forearm bone

A

Ulna

37
Q

Function of triceps brachii

A

Extend forearm

38
Q

What other muscle extends the forearm apart from triceps brachii

A

Anconeus (very small)

39
Q

Radial nerve arises from which cord of the brachial plexus

A

Posterior

40
Q

Roots of radial nerve

A

C5-T1

41
Q

Radial nerve innervates…

A 
Posterior arm (triceps brachii + anconeus)
Posterior forearm
42
Q

Course of radial nerve

A

Exits the axilla and runs down arm in the radial groove of the humerus, alongside the profunda femoris

To enter the forearm, it travels anterior to the lateral epicondyle of the humerus, through the cubital fossa

43
Q

Radial nerve is usually damaged due to a fracture where

A

Midshaft humerus where radial groove is

44
Q

What group of muscles will be affected in a mid shaft humeral fracture

A

Extensors of the arm + forearm

45
Q

Characteristic clinical sign of radial nerve injury

A

Wrist drop - because no longer able to extend the wrist and fingers so flexion is unopposed

46
Q

Elbow joint is what type of joint

A

Synovial hinge

47
Q

Articular parts of the elbow joint

A

Capitulum of humerus with head of radius
Trochlea of humerus with trochlear notch of ulna
Coronoid fossa
Olecranon fossa

48
Q

The joint capsule of the elbow joint thickens on the medial and lateral aspects to form what ligaments

Not thickened on anterior/posterior aspect to allow for movement

A

Medial collateral

Lateral collateral

49
Q

What ligament forms a collar around and holds the head of the radius

A

Anular ligament

50
Q

What subcutaneous structure in the elbow is prone to injury from falls or repeated excessive pressure

A

Bursa –> bursitis

51
Q

What type of joints are the proximal and distal radio-ulnar joints

A

Synovial pivot

52
Q

What movement occurs at the proximal and distal radio-ulnar joints

A

Supination

Pronation

53
Q

Muscles that pronate the forearm (2)

A

Muscles on anterior forearm

  • pronator teres
  • pronator quadratus - MOST POWERFUL
54
Q

Muscles that supinate the forearm (2)

A

Muscles on posterior forearm

  • supinator - MOST POWERFUL
  • biceps brachii

Year 3 - Musculoskeletal (26 decks)

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