Lower limb 4 Flashcards
Upper medial border of popliteal fossa is formed by what muscle
Semimembranosus
Upper lateral border of popliteal fossa is formed by what muscle
Biceps femoris
Inferior boundaries of the popliteal fossa is formed by what muscle
Medial and lateral heads of gastrocnemius
Contents of the popliteal fossa (7)
Fat Popliteal artery + vein Common fibular nerve Tibial nerve Lymph nodes Small saphenous vein --> popliteal vein
Popliteal artery is continuation of
Femoral artery as it emerges the adductor hiatus
List the muscles of the superficial layer of the posterior leg (3)
Gastrocnemius
Plantaris
Soleus
Actions of gastrocnemius (2)
Plantarflex foot
Flex knee
Action of plantaris
Plantarflex foot
Action of soleus
Plantarflex foot
Innervation of the posterior compartment of leg
Tibial nerve
Which branch of the popliteal artery supples the posterior compartment of the leg
Posterior tibial
Position of the posterior tibial artery pulse
Between the posterior surface of the medial malleolus and medial border of calcanea tendon
List the muscles of the deep layer of the posterior leg (4)
Popliteus
Tibialis posterior
Flexor digitorum longus
Flexor hallucis longus
Function of popliteus (1)
Unlocks the knee to allow flexion
Functions of tibialis posterior (2)
Plantarflex + invert foot
Function of
- flexor digitorum longus (1)
- flexor hallucis longus (1)
Flex lateral 4 toes
Flex big toe
What nerve and vessels accompany the 3 muscle tendons of the deep layer of the posterior leg (they pass medially to enter through the ‘door to the foot’, posterior to the medial malleolus)
Tibial nerve
Posterior tibial artery + vein
Bones of the
- forefoot (2)
- midfoot (3)
- hindfoot (2)
Forefoot - phalanges + metatarsals
Midfoot - cuboid + navicular + cuneiforms
Hindfoot - calcaneus + talus
What fibrous sheet covers the sole of the foot
Plantar aponeurosis
What clinical condition is associated with the plantar fascia + presentation
Plantar fasciitis
- presents as heel pain
- brought on by overuse (running) or increase in weight/age
What joint is responsible for eversion and inversion of the foot
Subtalar (talocalcaneal) joint
Subtalar joint type
Synovial plane
What muscles allow movement at the subtalar joint (eversion and inversion)
Lateral leg - fibularis longus + brevis
Muscles of the sole of the foot are arranged in 4 layers
Name the muscles in layer 1 (most superficial; immediately under plantar fascia) (3)
Abductor hallucis
Abductor digiti minimi
Flexor digitorum brevis
Functions of abductor hallucis (2)
Abduct + flex big toe
Function of flexor digitorum brevis (1)
Flex lateral 4 toes at the PIP joint
Functions of abductor digiti minimi (2)
Abduct + flex small toe
Innervation of the plantar muscles of the foot (2)
Medial + lateral plantar nerve
Muscles of the sole of the foot are arranged in 4 layers
Name the muscles in layer 2 (2)
Quadratus plantae
Lumbricals
Function of quadratus plantae (1)
Assists flexor digitorum longus in flexing the lateral four toes
Functions of the lumbricals of the foot (2)
Flex the MTP joints
Extend the IP joints
What are the 2 terminal branches of the tibial nerve that innervate the intrinsic muscles of the foot
Medial and lateral plantar nerve
What are the 2 terminal branches of the posterior tibial artery which supply the foot
Medial and lateral plantar artery
Function of foot arches (2)
Distribute body weight
Absorb shock
Function of the plantar calcaneonavicular ligament (spring ligament)
Maintains the medial longitudinal arch
Integrity of the foot arches are maintained by what passive factors (4)
Shape of the foot bones
Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament (spring ligament)
Long plantar ligament
Short plantar ligament
Integrity of the foot arches are maintained by what dynamic factors (3)
Intrinsic muscles of foot
Long flexor tendons
Tendon of tibialis anterior and fibularis longus
Dysfunction of the passive and dynamic factors maintaining the foot arches can result in
Flat feet (pet planus) - common in older people
