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Year 3 - Musculoskeletal > Lower limb 4 > Flashcards

Lower limb 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Upper medial border of popliteal fossa is formed by what muscle

A

Semimembranosus

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2
Q

Upper lateral border of popliteal fossa is formed by what muscle

A

Biceps femoris

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3
Q

Inferior boundaries of the popliteal fossa is formed by what muscle

A

Medial and lateral heads of gastrocnemius

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4
Q

Contents of the popliteal fossa (7)

A 
Fat
Popliteal artery + vein
Common fibular nerve
Tibial nerve
Lymph nodes 
Small saphenous vein --> popliteal vein
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5
Q

Popliteal artery is continuation of

A

Femoral artery as it emerges the adductor hiatus

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6
Q

List the muscles of the superficial layer of the posterior leg (3)

A

Gastrocnemius
Plantaris
Soleus

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7
Q

Actions of gastrocnemius (2)

A

Plantarflex foot

Flex knee

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8
Q

Action of plantaris

A

Plantarflex foot

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9
Q

Action of soleus

A

Plantarflex foot

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10
Q

Innervation of the posterior compartment of leg

A

Tibial nerve

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11
Q

Which branch of the popliteal artery supples the posterior compartment of the leg

A

Posterior tibial

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12
Q

Position of the posterior tibial artery pulse

A

Between the posterior surface of the medial malleolus and medial border of calcanea tendon

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13
Q

List the muscles of the deep layer of the posterior leg (4)

A

Popliteus
Tibialis posterior
Flexor digitorum longus
Flexor hallucis longus

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14
Q

Function of popliteus (1)

A

Unlocks the knee to allow flexion

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15
Q

Functions of tibialis posterior (2)

A

Plantarflex + invert foot

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16
Q

Function of

  • flexor digitorum longus (1)
  • flexor hallucis longus (1)
A

Flex lateral 4 toes

Flex big toe

17
Q

What nerve and vessels accompany the 3 muscle tendons of the deep layer of the posterior leg (they pass medially to enter through the ‘door to the foot’, posterior to the medial malleolus)

A

Tibial nerve

Posterior tibial artery + vein

18
Q

Bones of the

  • forefoot (2)
  • midfoot (3)
  • hindfoot (2)
A

Forefoot - phalanges + metatarsals

Midfoot - cuboid + navicular + cuneiforms

Hindfoot - calcaneus + talus

19
Q

What fibrous sheet covers the sole of the foot

A

Plantar aponeurosis

20
Q

What clinical condition is associated with the plantar fascia + presentation

A

Plantar fasciitis

  • presents as heel pain
  • brought on by overuse (running) or increase in weight/age
21
Q

What joint is responsible for eversion and inversion of the foot

A

Subtalar (talocalcaneal) joint

22
Q

Subtalar joint type

A

Synovial plane

23
Q

What muscles allow movement at the subtalar joint (eversion and inversion)

A

Lateral leg - fibularis longus + brevis

24
Q

Muscles of the sole of the foot are arranged in 4 layers

Name the muscles in layer 1 (most superficial; immediately under plantar fascia) (3)

A

Abductor hallucis
Abductor digiti minimi
Flexor digitorum brevis

25
Q

Functions of abductor hallucis (2)

A

Abduct + flex big toe

26
Q

Function of flexor digitorum brevis (1)

A

Flex lateral 4 toes at the PIP joint

27
Q

Functions of abductor digiti minimi (2)

A

Abduct + flex small toe

28
Q

Innervation of the plantar muscles of the foot (2)

A

Medial + lateral plantar nerve

29
Q

Muscles of the sole of the foot are arranged in 4 layers

Name the muscles in layer 2 (2)

A

Quadratus plantae

Lumbricals

30
Q

Function of quadratus plantae (1)

A

Assists flexor digitorum longus in flexing the lateral four toes

31
Q

Functions of the lumbricals of the foot (2)

A

Flex the MTP joints

Extend the IP joints

32
Q

What are the 2 terminal branches of the tibial nerve that innervate the intrinsic muscles of the foot

A

Medial and lateral plantar nerve

33
Q

What are the 2 terminal branches of the posterior tibial artery which supply the foot

A

Medial and lateral plantar artery

34
Q

Function of foot arches (2)

A

Distribute body weight

Absorb shock

35
Q

Function of the plantar calcaneonavicular ligament (spring ligament)

A

Maintains the medial longitudinal arch

36
Q

Integrity of the foot arches are maintained by what passive factors (4)

A

Shape of the foot bones

Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament (spring ligament)

Long plantar ligament

Short plantar ligament

37
Q

Integrity of the foot arches are maintained by what dynamic factors (3)

A

Intrinsic muscles of foot

Long flexor tendons

Tendon of tibialis anterior and fibularis longus

38
Q

Dysfunction of the passive and dynamic factors maintaining the foot arches can result in

A

Flat feet (pet planus) - common in older people

Year 3 - Musculoskeletal (26 decks)

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