Upper Limb 3

Question 1

How many groups are the muscles of the anterior forearm split into?

Answer 1

Superficial
Intermediate
Deep

Question 2

What are the superficial anterior forearm muscles?

Answer 2

Pronator teres
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus

Question 3

What is the action of pronator teres?

Answer 3

Pronates and flexes forearm

Question 4

What is the action of flexor carpi ulnaris?

Answer 4

Flexion and adduction at wrist

Question 5

What is the action of flexor carpi radialis?

Answer 5

Flexion and abduction at wrist

Question 6

What is palmaris longus continuous with?

Answer 6

Palmar aponeurosis

Question 7

What is the action of the brachioradialis?

Answer 7

Weak flexion at elbow

Question 8

What is different about brachioradialis compared to the other flexors?

Answer 8

It is in the posterior compartment and is supplied by the radial nerve

Question 9

How many tendons are produced from the FDS?

Answer 9

4 (going to digits 2-5)

Question 10

What is the action of FDS?

Answer 10

Flexion at wrist and PIP

Question 11

What is the innervation of all of the anterior forearm muscles (apart from the ulnar half of FDP and flexor carpi ulnaris)?

Answer 11

Median nerve

Question 12

What are the deep group anterior forearm muscles?

Answer 12

FDP, flexor pollicis longus, pronator quadratus

Question 13

What is the action of FDP?

Answer 13

Flexion at wrist and DIP of digits 2-5

Question 14

What innervates FDP?

Answer 14

Ulnar 1/2 = ulnar nerve

Lateral 1/2 = median nerve

Question 15

What is the action of flexor pollicis longus?

Answer 15

Flexion of thumb

Question 16

What is the action of pronator quadratus?

Answer 16

Pronates forearm and deeper fibres bind radius and ulna together

Question 17

Where does the pronator quadratus insert and originate?

Answer 17

Origin: ulnar
Insertion: radius

Question 18

What nerve goes under the flexor retinaculum?

Answer 18

Median nerve

Question 19

What are the borders of the carpal tunnel?

Answer 19

Roof: flexor retinaculum
Medial: scaphoid and trapezium
Medial: pisiform and hamate

Question 20

What are the contents of the carpal tunnel?

Answer 20

Median nerve
4 tendons of FDS and FDP
Flexor pollicis lomngus

Question 21

What can any lesion reducing the size of the carpal tunnel lead to?

Answer 21

Carpal tunnel syndrome
Nerve is affected leading to tingling, diminished sensation and absence of tactile sensation in area supplied by median nerve

Question 22

What are the muscle groups in the palmar part of the hand?

Answer 22

Hypothenar
Thenar 
Adductors
Interossei 
Central compartment

Question 23

What do the thenar muscles form?

Answer 23

Thenar eminence

Question 24

What is the main action of the thenar muscles?

Answer 24

Opposition of the thumb

Question 25

What are the 3 muscles composing the thenar eminence and what are their individual actions:

Answer 25

Abductor pollicis brevis: abduction of thumb Flexor pollicis brevis: flexion of thumb Opponens pollicis: opposition of thumb

Question 26

What innervates the thenar muscles?

Answer 26

Median nerve

Question 27

What is the segmental value of the median nerve?

Answer 27

C5-T1

Question 28

What do the hypothenar muscles form?

Answer 28

Hypothenar eminence

Question 29

What are the 3 muscles composing the hypothenar eminence?

Answer 29

Abductor digiti minimi: abducts little finger Flexor digiti minimi: flexes little finger Oponens digiti minimi: opposes little finger

Question 30

What nerve supplies the hypothenar muscles?

Answer 30

Ulnar

Question 31

What is the segmental value of the ulnar nerve?

Answer 31

C8 and T1

Question 32

What are the muscles of the adductor compartment?

Answer 32

Transverse and oblique heads of the adductor pollicis muscle

Question 33

What innervates the adductor pollicis?

Answer 33

Ulnar nerve

Question 34

What is the action of the adductor pollicis?

Answer 34

Adduct the thumb

Question 35

Where do the lumbricals attach?

Answer 35

Tendons of FDP

Question 36

What are the actions of the lumbricals?

Answer 36

Flexion at MCP joint and extension IP joints

Question 37

What innervates the lumbricals?

Answer 37

digits 4 & 5 - ulnar | digits 2 & 3 - medial

Question 38

How many interossei muscles are there?

Answer 38

4 dorsal, 3 palmar

Question 39

What innervates interossei muscles?

Answer 39

Ulnar nerve

Question 40

What are the actions of the interossei muscles?

Answer 40

PAD DAB Dorsal interossei abduct Palmar interossei adduct

Question 41

What kind of paralysis results from damage to the lower trunk of the brachial plexus?

Answer 41

Klumpke

Question 42

Which two arteries contribute to the superficial and deep palmar arterial arches?

Answer 42

Radial and ulnar arteries Superficial - ulnar more so Deep - radial more so

Question 43

What kind of joint is the wrist joint?

Answer 43

Condyloid

Question 44

What bones make up the wrist joint?

Answer 44

Distal radius and proximal row of carpal bones (apart from pisiform) NOT ULNAR

Question 45

What movements are possible at the wrist?

Answer 45

Extension, flexion, adduction, abduction, circumduction

Question 46

Most anterior forearm muscles cause what movement at the wrist?

Answer 46

Flexion

Question 47

What posterior forearm muscles cause what movement at the wrist?

Answer 47

Extension

Question 48

Simultaneous contraction of ECU and FCU leads to what?

Answer 48

Wrist adduction