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Year 3 Anatomy > Upper Limb 3 > Flashcards

Upper Limb 3 Flashcards

1
Q

How many groups are the muscles of the anterior forearm split into?

A

Superficial
Intermediate
Deep

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2
Q

What are the superficial anterior forearm muscles?

A

Pronator teres
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus

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3
Q

What is the action of pronator teres?

A

Pronates and flexes forearm

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4
Q

What is the action of flexor carpi ulnaris?

A

Flexion and adduction at wrist

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5
Q

What is the action of flexor carpi radialis?

A

Flexion and abduction at wrist

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6
Q

What is palmaris longus continuous with?

A

Palmar aponeurosis

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7
Q

What is the action of the brachioradialis?

A

Weak flexion at elbow

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8
Q

What is different about brachioradialis compared to the other flexors?

A

It is in the posterior compartment and is supplied by the radial nerve

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9
Q

How many tendons are produced from the FDS?

A

4 (going to digits 2-5)

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10
Q

What is the action of FDS?

A

Flexion at wrist and PIP

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11
Q

What is the innervation of all of the anterior forearm muscles (apart from the ulnar half of FDP and flexor carpi ulnaris)?

A

Median nerve

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12
Q

What are the deep group anterior forearm muscles?

A

FDP, flexor pollicis longus, pronator quadratus

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13
Q

What is the action of FDP?

A

Flexion at wrist and DIP of digits 2-5

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14
Q

What innervates FDP?

A

Ulnar 1/2 = ulnar nerve

Lateral 1/2 = median nerve

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15
Q

What is the action of flexor pollicis longus?

A

Flexion of thumb

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16
Q

What is the action of pronator quadratus?

A

Pronates forearm and deeper fibres bind radius and ulna together

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17
Q

Where does the pronator quadratus insert and originate?

A

Origin: ulnar
Insertion: radius

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18
Q

What nerve goes under the flexor retinaculum?

A

Median nerve

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19
Q

What are the borders of the carpal tunnel?

A

Roof: flexor retinaculum
Medial: scaphoid and trapezium
Medial: pisiform and hamate

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20
Q

What are the contents of the carpal tunnel?

A

Median nerve
4 tendons of FDS and FDP
Flexor pollicis lomngus

21
Q

What can any lesion reducing the size of the carpal tunnel lead to?

A

Carpal tunnel syndrome
Nerve is affected leading to tingling, diminished sensation and absence of tactile sensation in area supplied by median nerve

22
Q

What are the muscle groups in the palmar part of the hand?

A 
Hypothenar
Thenar 
Adductors
Interossei 
Central compartment
23
Q

What do the thenar muscles form?

A

Thenar eminence

24
Q

What is the main action of the thenar muscles?

A

Opposition of the thumb

25
Q

What are the 3 muscles composing the thenar eminence and what are their individual actions:

A

Abductor pollicis brevis: abduction of thumb
Flexor pollicis brevis: flexion of thumb
Opponens pollicis: opposition of thumb

26
Q

What innervates the thenar muscles?

A

Median nerve

27
Q

What is the segmental value of the median nerve?

28
Q

What do the hypothenar muscles form?

A

Hypothenar eminence

29
Q

What are the 3 muscles composing the hypothenar eminence?

A

Abductor digiti minimi: abducts little finger
Flexor digiti minimi: flexes little finger
Oponens digiti minimi: opposes little finger

30
Q

What nerve supplies the hypothenar muscles?

31
Q

What is the segmental value of the ulnar nerve?

32
Q

What are the muscles of the adductor compartment?

A

Transverse and oblique heads of the adductor pollicis muscle

33
Q

What innervates the adductor pollicis?

A

Ulnar nerve

34
Q

What is the action of the adductor pollicis?

A

Adduct the thumb

35
Q

Where do the lumbricals attach?

A

Tendons of FDP

36
Q

What are the actions of the lumbricals?

A

Flexion at MCP joint and extension IP joints

37
Q

What innervates the lumbricals?

A

digits 4 & 5 - ulnar

digits 2 & 3 - medial

38
Q

How many interossei muscles are there?

A

4 dorsal, 3 palmar

39
Q

What innervates interossei muscles?

A

Ulnar nerve

40
Q

What are the actions of the interossei muscles?

A

PAD DAB
Dorsal interossei abduct
Palmar interossei adduct

41
Q

What kind of paralysis results from damage to the lower trunk of the brachial plexus?

42
Q

Which two arteries contribute to the superficial and deep palmar arterial arches?

A

Radial and ulnar arteries
Superficial - ulnar more so
Deep - radial more so

43
Q

What kind of joint is the wrist joint?

44
Q

What bones make up the wrist joint?

A

Distal radius and proximal row of carpal bones (apart from pisiform)

NOT ULNAR

45
Q

What movements are possible at the wrist?

A

Extension, flexion, adduction, abduction, circumduction

46
Q

Most anterior forearm muscles cause what movement at the wrist?

47
Q

What posterior forearm muscles cause what movement at the wrist?

48
Q

Simultaneous contraction of ECU and FCU leads to what?

A

Wrist adduction

Year 3 Anatomy (12 decks)

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