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Year 3 Anatomy > Upper Limb 2 > Flashcards

Upper Limb 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most anterior muscle of the anterior arm?

A

Biceps brachii

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2
Q

What is the origin of biceps brachii?

A

Short head: coracoid process

Long head: supraglenoid tubercle

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3
Q

Where does the biceps tendon insert?

A

Tuberosity of radius

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4
Q

What is the action of the biceps brachii?

A

Shoulder and elbow flexion, supination at RU joint

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5
Q

What is the nerve supplying the anterior compartment of the arm?

A

Musculocutaneous

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6
Q

What is the nerve roots of the musculocutaneous nerve?

A

C5-7

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7
Q

Which two muscles have their origins at the coracoid process?

A

Coracobrachialis and biceps brachii

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8
Q

Where does the coracobrachialis insert?

A

Medial margin of humerus

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9
Q

What is the action of the corachobrachialis?

A

Flexion and abduction at shoulder

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10
Q

Where is the origin of the brachialis?

A

Humeral shaft

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11
Q

Where does brachialis insert?

A

Coronoid process of ulnar

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12
Q

What is the action of brachialis?

A

Flexion of elbow

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13
Q

From which cord of the brachial plexus does the musculocutaneous nerve arise?

A

Lateral

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14
Q

What muscle does the musculocutaneous nerve pierce?

A

Coracobrachialis

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15
Q

After supplying the muscles of the arm, what does the musculocutaneous nerve become?

A

Lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm

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16
Q

What does the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm supply?

A

Sensation to the lateral aspects of the forearm

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17
Q

What kinds of injuries may damage the musculocutaneous nerve and what would result from damage to the musculocutaneous nerve?

A

Penetrating injury to axilla

Would result in paralysis of corachobrachialis, biceps brachii, brachialis and loss of sensation to lateral forearm

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18
Q

What is the brachial artery a continuation of?

A

Axillary artery

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19
Q

When does the axillary artery become the brachial artery?

A

Lateral border of teres major

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20
Q

Where does the brachial artery end and what does it become?

A

In cubital fossa as it splits into radial and ulnar arteries

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21
Q

What important branch does the brachial artery give off in the arm?

A

Profunda brachii

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22
Q

From which cords of the brachial plexus does the median nerve arise?

A

Lateral and medial cords

23
Q

How can you identify the median nerve on a cadaver?

A

Enters cubital fossa and doesn’t give any branches in arm

24
Q

What does the median nerve supply?

A

All muscles of anterior forearm apart from flexor carpi ulnaris and ulnar half of flexor digitorum profundus

25
Q

From which cord on the brachial plexus does the ulnar nerve arise?

A

Medial

26
Q

How can you identify the ulnar nerve on a cadaver?

A

Goes round medial epicondyle and runs along medial head of triceps

27
Q

What does the ulnar nerve supply?

A

FCU and ulnar 1/2 of FDP

28
Q

Where is the radial nerve vulnerable to damage?

A

Fracture of radial groove

29
Q

Where is the ulnar nerve vulnerable to damage?

A

Fracture at medial epicondyle

30
Q

Where is the axillary nerve vulnerable to damage?

A

Fracture at surgical neck

31
Q

What makes up the borders of the cubital fossa?

A

Line between epicondyles
Medial border: pronator teres
Lateral border: brachioradialis

32
Q

What are the contents of the cubital fossa?

A

Brachial artery (or radial/ulnar artery)
Accompanying veins
Biceps tendon
Median and radial nerves

33
Q

Where is the origin of the triceps brachii?

A

Long head - infraglenoid tubercle

2 shorter heads - humerus

34
Q

Where does the triceps tendon insert?

A

Olecranon of ulnar

35
Q

What is the function of the triceps?

A

Extension of elbow

36
Q

What nerve supplies the whole posterior compartment of the arm and forearm?

A

Radial nerve

37
Q

What is the action of the aconeus?

A

Assists triceps in extending elbow and stabilises elbow joint

38
Q

From which branch in the brachial plexus does the radial nerve arise?

A

Posterior cord

39
Q

Next to which artery does the radial nerve run in the arm?

A

Profunda brachii artery

40
Q

What is the root value of the radial nerve?

A

C5-T1

41
Q

What occurs in radial nerve injury?

A

Wrist drop

42
Q

What kind of joint is the elbow?

A

Synovial hinge

43
Q

What actions occur at the elbow joint?

A

Flexion and extension

44
Q

What are the extensors of the elbow?

A

Triceps brachii and aconeus

45
Q

What are the flexors of the elbow?

A

Biceps brachii, brachialis, bracoradialis

46
Q

What are the ligaments of the elbow?

A

Lateral/radial collateral, medial/ulnar collateral and annular ligament of radius

47
Q

What does the annular ligament of the radius do?

A

Holds the head of the radius

48
Q

What is student’s elbow?

A

Olecranon bursa becomes inflamed due to injury/infection/repeated friction e.g. leaning on elbow

49
Q

What kinds of joints are the proximal and distal radioulnar joints?

A

Synovial pivot

50
Q

What movements occur at the radioulnar joints?

A

Supination and pronation

51
Q

What are the supinators of the forearm?

A

Mostly biceps brachii

Others: supinator muscle of forearm, extensor pollicis longus, extensor carpi radialis longus

52
Q

What are the pronators of the forearm?

A

Mostly pronator quadratus

Others: pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, brachioradialis

53
Q

What is the name of the condition where the radial head falls out of the annular ligament?

A

Elbow subluxation

Year 3 Anatomy (12 decks)

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