Upper Limb 1

Question 1

What is the axilla?

Answer 1

Pyramidal space below the shoulder joint

Provides passageway for vessels and nerves going to and from upper limb

Question 2

What forms the anterior wall of the axilla?

Answer 2

Pectoralis major and minor

Question 3

What forms the posterior wall of the axilla?

Answer 3

Subscapularis, teres major, latissimus dorsi

Question 4

What forms the medial wall of the axilla?

Answer 4

Thoracic wall and serratus anterior

Question 5

What forms the lateral wall of the axilla?

Answer 5

Intertubercular sulcus of humerus

Question 6

When does the subclavian artery become the axillary artery?

Answer 6

At the border of the 1st rib

Question 7

When does the axillary artery become the brachial artery?

Answer 7

At inferior border of teres major

Question 8

What nerves make up the brachial plexus?

Answer 8

C5 to T1

Question 9

What are the cords named relative to?

Answer 9

Their position relative to the axillary artery

Question 10

What are the branches of the lateral cord?

Answer 10

Musculocutaneous

Contributions to median nerve

Question 11

What are branches of the posterior cord?

Answer 11

Axillary and radial

Question 12

What are branches of the medial cord?

Answer 12

Ulnar and contributions to median

Question 13

What is Erb’s point?

Answer 13

Point where 4 superficial branches of cervical plexus emerge from behind the muscle

Question 14

What is Erb’s palsy?

Answer 14

Injury to upper brachial plexus trunk leads to water’s tip appearance (medially rotated, flexed wrist)

Due to fall on shoulder, birth injury etc.

Question 15

Injury to the lower trunk leads to what?

Answer 15

Klumpke palsy

Question 16

What is the classical appearance of klumpke palsy?

Answer 16

Claw hand 
(intrinsic muscles of hand affected)

Question 17

What are the superficial veins in the arm?

Answer 17

Basilic and cephalic veins

Question 18

What veins does the subclavian vein give rise to?

Answer 18

Cephalic vein and axillary vein

Question 19

What does the axillary vein give rise to?

Answer 19

Basilic and brachial veins

Question 20

What two veins have a shunt between them called the median cubital vein?

Answer 20

Basilic and cephalic

Question 21

What two veins give rise to the dorsal venous network on the hand?

Answer 21

Cephalic and basilic veins

Question 22

Define dermatome

Answer 22

Area of skin supplied by a single spinal segment

Question 23

All lymphatic vessels from the upper limb drain into which nodes?

Answer 23

Axillary lymph nodes

Question 24

What are the groups of axillary lymph nodes?

Answer 24

Anterior/pectoral 
Posterior/subscapular
Apical 
Central 
Lateral

Question 25

Where does the lateral breast tissue drain into?

Answer 25

Axillary lymph nodes

Question 26

Where does the medial breast tissue drain into?

Answer 26

Internal thoracic lymph nodes

Question 27

What is the pectoral girdle?

Answer 27

Set of bones that connect the upper limbs to the axial skeleton

Question 28

What are the important bony prominences on the clavicle?

Answer 28

Sternal and acromial ends
Medial and lateral convexity
Conoid tubercle

Question 29

What is the conoid tubercle a site of attachment for?

Answer 29

Conoid ligament (binds clavicle to coracoid process of scapula)

Question 30

How is the clavicle commonly broken?

Answer 30

Falling on outstretched arm

Question 31

What kind of joint is the sternoclavicular?

Answer 31

Synovial saddle

Question 32

What kind of joint is the acromioclavicular?

Answer 32

Synovial plane