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Year 3 Anatomy > Lower Limb 1 > Flashcards

Lower Limb 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two superficial veins in the leg?

A

Great saphenous

Small saphenous

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2
Q

Where does the great saphenous descend?

A

Anterior to medial malleolus

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3
Q

Where does the small saphenous descend?

A

Ascends posterior to the medial malleolus

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4
Q

Where does the great saphenous vein empty into?

A

Femoral vein

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5
Q

Where does the small saphenous vein empty into?

A

Popliteal vein

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6
Q

What are varicose veins?

A

Dilated superficial veins due to incompetent valves

More common in great saphenous vein

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7
Q

What is DVT?

A

Venous status caused by thrombus formation

Caused by muscular inactivity, external pressure, e.g. bandages

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8
Q

What are the important groups of lymph nodes draining the lower limb?

A

Superficial inguinal
Deep inguinal
Popliteal lymph nodes

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9
Q

Lymphatic vessels accompanying the great saphenous vein end where?

A

In the superficial inguinal nodes

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10
Q

Lymphatic vessels accompanying the small saphenous vein enter where?

A

The popliteal lymph nodes

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11
Q

What may cause enlargement of the inguinal lymph nodes?

A

Infection of the lower limb and trunk inferior to the umbilicus

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12
Q

What is the S1 dermatome?

A

Little toe

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13
Q

What is the L3 dermatome?

A

The knee

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14
Q

What kind of joint is the hip?

A

Ball and socket

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15
Q

Why is the hip more stable than the shoulder?

A

Femoral head almost completely surrounded by hip socket

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16
Q

What is the acetabular labrum?

A

Fibrocartilaginous collar around edge of acetabulum that increases the depth of the acetabulum and increases stability of joint as more of femoral head fits in

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17
Q

What is the fovea?

A

Pit that is the attachment of the ligament of the head of the femur

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18
Q

What are the hip ligaments?

A

Ischiofemoral
Pubofemoral
Iliofemoral

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19
Q

What does iliofemoral ligament do?

A

Prevents hyperextension of hip

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20
Q

What does the pubofemoral ligament do?

A

Prevents hyperabduction of the hip

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21
Q

What does the ischofemoral ligament do?

A

Prevent hyperextension of the hip

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22
Q

What movements occur at the hip joint?

A 
Flexion 
Extension 
Abduction 
Adduction 
Lateral and medial rotation 
Circumduction
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23
Q

What are the hip flexors?

A

ILIOPSOAS

Pectineus

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24
Q

What are the hip extensors?

A

Gluteus maximus is chief extensor, hamstrings, adductor magnus

25
Q

What are the adductors of the hip?

A

Obturator externus, gracilis, adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus

26
Q

What nerve supplies the adductor compartment?

A

Obturator nerve

27
Q

Where does the obturator nerve leave the pelvis?

A

Obturator canal via the obturator foramen

28
Q

Weakness of the hip abductors leads to what type of gait?

A

Trendelenburg gait

29
Q

What muscles internally rotate the hip?

A

Gluteus maxmimus
Gluteus minimus
Tensor fascia latae

30
Q

What are the quadriceps femoris?

A

Four headed muscle

Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius

31
Q

What nerve innervates the anterior thigh muscles?

A

Femoral nerve

32
Q

What is the action of the rectus femoris?

A

Flexion of hip and knee

KICKING MUSCLE

33
Q

What do the rectus femoris unite to form?

A

Quadriceps tendon, continues as patellar ligament distal tot he knee and attaches to the tibia

34
Q

Where does the patellar ligament attach?

A

Tibial tuberosity

35
Q

What is the action of sartorius?

A

Flexion, abduction, lateral rotation at hip and flexion of knee

36
Q

What are the adductor muscles?

A

Obturator externus, adductor longus, brevis, magnus and gracilis

37
Q

What structures pass through adductor canal?

A

Femoral artery
Femoral vein
Saphenous nerve
Nerve to vastus medialis

38
Q

Femoral artery enters the thigh midway between which two bony surface markings?

A

ASIS and pubic tubercle

39
Q

What large branch of the femoral artery passes posteriorly towards the hamstrings?

A

Profunda femoris artery

40
Q

What is the femoral vein a continuation of?

A

Popliteal vein

41
Q

What does the femoral vein drain into?

A

External iliac vein

42
Q

What veins drain into the femoral vein in the femoral triangle?

A

Profunda femoris vein

Great saphenous vein

43
Q

What is the course of the femoral nerve?

A

Passes deep to inguinal ligament and enters femoral triangle lateral to the femoral vessels

44
Q

What muscles does the femoral nerve supply?

A

Anterior thigh muscles - sartorius, quadriceps femoris, iliacus, pectineus

45
Q

What is the action of pectineus?

A

Flexion and adduction of the hip

46
Q

What is the femoral triangle?

A

Triangular depression below the inguinal ligament

47
Q

What forms the medial and lateral boundary of the femoral triangle?

A

Medial - adductor longus

Lateral - sartorius

48
Q

What structure forms the base of the femoral triangle?

A

Inguinal ligament

49
Q

What are the contents of the femoral triangle (L–>M)?

A

Femoral nerve, femoral artery, femoral vein, femoral canal and lymph nodes

50
Q

What is the femoral sheath?

A

Funnel shaped fascial tube which surrounds proximal parts of the femoral vessels (not femoral nerve) and creates the femoral canal medial to them which contains the lymphatic vessels

51
Q

The femoral sheath is loosely divided into 3 compartments, what are these?

A

Lateral - femoral artery
Intermediate - femoral vein
Medial - femoral canal

52
Q

What is a femoral hernia?

A

femoral ring weak in anterior abdominal wall - site of femoral hernia

53
Q

In which gender are femoral hernias more common?

A

Females

Inguinal more common in men

54
Q

What is the adductor canal/hunter’s canal?

A

As femoral neurovascular structures leave apex of femoral triangle, they begin to burrow beneath the musculature to create a tunnel, the adductor canal

It passes through the adductor hiatus within the tendon of the adductor magnus and emerges into popliteal fossa

55
Q

What are the two main branches of the lumbar plexus?

A

Obturator nerve and femoral nerve

56
Q

Where does the lumbar plexus sit?

A

On the psoas major muscle

57
Q

What nerve roots make up the lumbar plexus?

A

L1-4

58
Q

What nerve roots make up the obturator nerve?

A

L2-4

59
Q

What nerve roots make up the femoral nerve?

A

L2-4

Year 3 Anatomy (12 decks)

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