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Year 3 Anatomy > Lower Limb 3 > Flashcards

Lower Limb 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Musculature of leg split into what three compartments?

A

Anterior
Posterior
Lateral

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2
Q

What are the anterior leg muscles?

A

Tibialis anterior
Extensor digitorum longus
Extensor hallucis longus
Fibularis tertius

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3
Q

What is the action of tibialis anterior?

A

Dorsiflexes ankle, inverts the foot

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4
Q

Where does tibialis anterior insert?

A

Arch of the foot

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5
Q

What is the action of extensor digitorum longus?

A

Dorsiflexes ankle, extends the four digits

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6
Q

What is the action of extensor hallucis longus?

A

Dorsiflexes ankle, extends the big toe

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7
Q

What is the action of fibularis tertius?

A

Dorsiflexes ankle, everts the foot

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8
Q

What nerve supplies the anterior leg compartment?

A

Deep fibular nerve

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9
Q

What does the sciatic nerve divide into?

A

Common fibular and tibial nerve

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10
Q

After the external iliac artery crosses what structure does it become the femoral artery?

A

Inguinal ligament

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11
Q

Where does the femoral artery become the popliteal artery?

A

When it passes the knee

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12
Q

What does the popliteal artery divide into?

A

Anterior tibial and a trunk which gives rise to the posterior tibial artery and the fibular artery

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13
Q

What is the arterial supply to the anterior leg?

A

Anterior tibial artery

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14
Q

What is the course of the anterior tibial artery?

A

Runs length of the leg into the foot where it becomes the dorsalis pedis artery

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15
Q

Where does dorsalis pedis run?

A

Midway between the malleoli

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16
Q

What muscles are in the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

Fibularis longus and fibularis brevis

17
Q

What structure does fibularis longus go behind?

A

Lateral malleolus

18
Q

What is the action of fibularis longus and brevis?

A

Plantarflex and evert the foot

19
Q

What nerve innervates the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

Superficial fibular

20
Q

Where can the superficial fibular nerve be seen?

A

Next to the superficial muscles of the lateral compartment

21
Q

Injury to the fibular nerve leads to what?

A

Foot drop
Reasons for injury: fractured fibular neck, stretched (e.g. knee joint injured)
Affects all the muscles of the anterior and lateral compartment –> unable to dorsiflex –> footdrop

22
Q

What muscles are on the dorsum of the foot?

A

Extensor hallucis brevis

Extensor hallucis brevis

23
Q

What nerve innervates the muscles on the dorsum of the foot?

A

Deep fibular nerve

24
Q

What kind of joint is the ankle joint?

A

Synovial hinge

25
Q

What is the anatomy of the ankle joint?

A

Tibia and fibular bound together by strong tibiofibular ligaments - this forms a bracket shaped socket, covered in hyaline cartilage known as the malleolar mortoise

Body of talus fits snugly into mortise

Socket articulates with the pulley shaped trochlea of the talus bone

26
Q

What bones articulate in the ankle joint?

A

Distal end of the tibia and fibular articulate with the superior end of the talus bone

27
Q

When is malleolar grip tightest?

A

Dorsiflexion of the ankle

28
Q

When is the ankle joint unstable?

A

Plantarflexion of the ankle

29
Q

What forms the lateral malleolus?

A

Fibula

30
Q

What forms the medial malleolus?

A

Tibia

31
Q

What are the ankle joints?

A

Medial (deltoid) ligament - consists of 4 ligaments that fan out from the medial malleolus

Lateral ligament - weakest - 3 components

32
Q

What is an ankle sprain?

A

Torn fibres of ankle ligament

Usually inversion in jury

33
Q

What movements occur at the ankle?

A

Dorsiflexion

Plantarflexion

34
Q

What are the dorsiflexors of the ankle?

A

Anterior compartment - tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus

35
Q

What are the plantarflexors of the ankle?

A

Posterior compartment - gastrocnemius, soleus, posterior tibialis, plantaris

36
Q

What types of joints are the tibiofibular?

A

Proximal - synovial plane
Distal - syndesmosis (fibrous)
Interosseous membrane spans the length of the tibia and fibula

Year 3 Anatomy (12 decks)

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