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GI System > Upper GI tract structure and function > Flashcards

Upper GI tract structure and function Flashcards

1
Q

What are 2 reasons for chewing?

A

Prolong taste experience

Defence against choking

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2
Q

What does the water component of saliva (99%) do?

A

Softens

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3
Q

What do mucins do?

A

Part of saliva

Lubricant

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4
Q

What does alpha-amylase do?

A

Part of saliva as well as other bits of the tract

Catalyses breakdown of polysaccharides into di- and monosaccharides

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5
Q

What do electrolytes do in saliva?

A

Control tonicity and pH

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6
Q

What do lysozomes do in saliva?

A

Bacteriocidal

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7
Q

What portion of the oesophagus is has skeletal muscle in ME?

A

Upper 1/3

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8
Q

What proportion of the oesophagus has smooth muscle?

A

Lower 2/3

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9
Q

How many layers of muscle are there around the stomach?

A

3

The ones present along the rest of the tract as well as an oblique layer

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10
Q

How are the stomach muscles supplied?

A

Via the myenteric plexus

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11
Q

What are the 3 kinds of cells in a gastric gland?

A

Mucus neck cells
Chief cells
Parietal cells

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12
Q

What kind of cell produces mucus?

A

Mucus neck cells

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13
Q

What kind of cells produce pepsinogen?

A

Chief cells

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14
Q

What kind of cells produce HCl?

A

Parietal cells

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15
Q

What kind of cells produce intrinsic factor?

A

Parietal cells

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16
Q

What does carbonic anhydrase do?

A

Converst CO2 and H2O to carbonic acid

17
Q

How do we get HCl in the stomach lumen?

A

Cl brought in via transporter with bicarbonate
Carbonic acid donates an H+ ion to become bicarbonate
H+ pumped into stomach lumen via H+/K transporter

18
Q

What are the main roles of gastric mucus?

A

Protects from mechanical injury as a result of debris
Protects against acid corrosion
Protects from autodigestion

19
Q

How does sensing food lead to gastric acid secretion?

A

Increased vagal tone
G cells activated
G cells produce gastrin
Gastrin acts on parietal cells

Increased vagal tone also causes ACh to act on parietal cells

20
Q

How are ECL cells linked to gastric acid secretion?

A

ACh and gastrin may also act on ECL cells which produce histamine which then acts on parietal cells

21
Q

How does distension lead to gastric acid secretion?

A

Distension activates vagal/enteric reflexes

Produces ACh which acts on parietal cells

22
Q

How does the presence of peptides lead to gastric acid secretion?

A

Peptides in the lumen leads to activation of G cells
G cells produce gastrin
Gastrin acts on parietal cells

GI System (20 decks)

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