Liver structure and function

Question 1

What are the major lobes of the liver?

Answer 1

Left and right

Question 2

What are the minor lobes of the liver?

Answer 2

Caudate and quadrate

Question 3

Where do lymph/ blood vessels and nerves enter the liver?

Answer 3

Via the Porta on the undersurface

Question 4

What attaches the liver to the underside of the diaphragm?

Answer 4

Coronary ligament

Question 5

What is the portal triad edge of each lobule, at each corner of hexagonal lobes?

Answer 5

Hepatic portal vein
Hepatic artery
Bile cannaliculus

Question 6

What are hepatic cords?

Answer 6

Composed of hepatocytes
Radiate from central veins of lobes
Bile cannaliculi run within

Question 7

What kind of blood enters the liver via the hepatic portal vein?

Answer 7

O2 depleted

Nutrient rich

Question 8

What kind of blood enters the liver from the hepatic artery?

Answer 8

O2 rich

Nutrient depleted

Question 9

What is the liver’s role with bile?

Answer 9

The liver produces and secretes bile

Question 10

Why are bile acids converted to bile salts?

Answer 10

More soluble

Question 11

What are bile acids synthesised from?

Answer 11

Cholesterol

Question 12

Describe the structure of the gallbladder?

Answer 12

Lil sac on underside of liver
3 layers
Mucosa (w/ rugae)
Muscularis
Serosa

Question 13

What controls the release of bile and pancreatic juices into the duodenum?

Answer 13

Sphincter of Oddi

Question 14

What causes the Sphincter of Oddi to relax?

Answer 14

CCK

Question 15

What happens to bile of the Sphincter of Oddi is closed?

Answer 15

Bile is forced back into the gallbladder

Question 16

Acid in the duodenum triggers the release of secretin in order to neutralise. What does it trigger to achieve this?

Answer 16

Decreased gastric secretion
Decreased gastric emptying
Increased duodenal bicarbonate secretion
Increased pancreatic bicarbonate secretion
Increased bile duct bicarbonate secretion

Question 17

Fat/amino acids in the duodenum triggers a release of CCK to aid digestion. What does CCK trigger to do this?

Answer 17

Decreased gastric emptying

Increased pancreatic enzyme secretion by increasing gallbladder contraction and relaxing the Sphincter of Oddi