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GI System > Inflammatory Bowel Disease > Flashcards

Inflammatory Bowel Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What do we know about the causes of IBD?

A

Complex
Multifactorial
Genetic trend
Influenced by Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs)

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2
Q

What are some effects of IBD outside the intestine?

A 
Pyederma ganganosum
Erythema nodosum
Arthritis
Associated liver disease
Immune cell production
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3
Q

What are some symptoms of ulcerative colitis?

A

Bloody diarrhoea
Abdominal pain
Weight loss
Fatigue

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4
Q

What are some findings in blood present in UC?

A

Increased platelet

Low albumin

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5
Q

What are some useful investigations for UC?

A

Bloods
Stool culture to rule out infection
Faecal calprotectin
Colonoscopy

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6
Q

How does UC spread?

A

Starts in rectum and spreads proximally

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7
Q

What is proctitis?

A

Infalmmation of anus

Responds to topical therapy

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8
Q

What are some signs of CD?

A 
Diarrhoea
Abdominal pain
Weight loss
Malaise
Lethargy
Anorexia
Low grade fever
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9
Q

What are aminosalicylates?

A

Work by blocking prostaglandins and leukotrines
Topical to colonic mucosa
Used to treat IBD

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10
Q

What is 5asa?

A

5 aminosalicylic acid
AKA Mesalazine
Effective

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11
Q

Which steroids may be used to treat IBD?

A

Prednisolone

Budenoside

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12
Q

What are some considerations to take when using Budenoside to treat IBD?

A

Less effective than prednisolone
Better side effects
Only used for ileal and descending colon

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13
Q

What are some immunomodulation therapies used for IBD?

A

Thiopurines

Methotrexate

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14
Q

What are some side effects of thiopurines?

A

Leucopenia
Hepato-toxicity
Pancreatitis
Long term lymphoma risk

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15
Q

What are some drawbacks of using methotrexate to treat Crohn’s?

A

Unlicensed

Requires specialist follow-up

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16
Q

What are monoclonal antibodies?

A

Antibodies that are made by identical immune cells that are all clones of a unique parent cell

17
Q

What are some monoclonal antibodies which may be used to treat IBD?

A

Infliximab
Adulimumab
Ustekinumab
Vedoluzimab

18
Q

What does an Aplha-4b7 integrin blocker do?

A

Blocks integrin

Integrins are transmembrane proteins wihch traffic lymphocytes and aid cell adhesion

19
Q

What is elemental feeding?

A

All liquid diet to reduce inflammation
Can be as effective as steroids
More efficacious in children

20
Q

What is MHC/peptide-TCR?

A

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) displays peptides to T cell receptor (TCR)
TCR can discriminate foreign vs self peptides

Determines T cell repsonse

21
Q

What are some determinants of the T cell response?

A

MHC/peptide-TCR
CD80 - CD28 (co-stimulatory)
Cytokine (Chemical messengers)

22
Q

What is vedolizumab?

A

New biologic

Blocks migration of leukocytes to intestinal mucosa

23
Q

What is ustekinumab used for?

A

Psoriasis

24
Q

What is Coeliac’s Disease?

A

Inflammatory condition of the small bowel

Intolerance to dietary gluten

25
Q

What are some signs of CD?

A 
Failure to thrive as a child
Iron deficiency anaemia
Fatigue
Loose stool
Abdominal pain
26
Q

What gene is associated with CD?

A

HLA-DQ2/8

GI System (20 decks)

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