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GI System > Pathology of Colon > Flashcards

Pathology of Colon Flashcards

1
Q

What is the functional difference between the small and large bowel?

A

Small bowel has absorptive role

Large bowl has absorptive and secretory role

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2
Q

What are some features of small bowel histology?

A

Goblet cells
Columnar absorptive cells
Endocrine cells
Loads of villi

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3
Q

What are some features of large bowel histology?

A

Flat (no villi)
Tubular crypts
Columnar absorptive cells at surface

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4
Q

What parts of the GI tract may be affected by Crohn’s?

A

All parts from mouth to anus

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5
Q

What parts of the GI tract may be affected by UC?

A

Just the colon

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6
Q

Which gene is associated with Crohn’s?

A

NOD2

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7
Q

Which gene is associated with UC?

A

HLA

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8
Q

What are some possible complications of UC?

A

Haemorrhage
Perforation
Toxic dilation

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9
Q

Are granulomas seen in UC?

A

No

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10
Q

What are some common features of UC?

A

Pseudopolyps
Ulceration
No granulomas

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11
Q

What are some histological features of Crohn’s Disease?

A 
Crypt inflammation and abscess
Ulceration
Transmural inflammation
Non-caseating granulomas
Fibrosis
Lymphangiectasia
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12
Q

What is a granuloma?

A

Area of inflammation

Collection of macrophages

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13
Q

What does caseating mean?

A

Diseased tissue forms a firm, dry mass like cheese in appearance.

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14
Q

What is lymphangiectasia?

A

Pathological dilation of lymph vessels

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15
Q

What is ischaemic enteritis?

A

A major vessel occlusion leads to infarction and transmural injury

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16
Q

What conditions may cause ischaemic enteritis?

A

Arterial thrombosis
Arterial embolism
Non-occlusive ischaemia

17
Q

What conditions may predispose an individual to arterial thrombosis?

A

Artherosclerosis
Dissecting aneurysm
Hypercoagulable states
Oral contraceptive

18
Q

What conditions may predispose an individual to arterial embolism?

A

Cardiac vegetations

Cholesterol embolism

19
Q

What conditions may predispose an individual to non-occlusive ischaemia?

A

Cardiac failure
Shock
Vasoconstriction

20
Q

What is appendicitis?

A

Acute inflammation of the appendix causes by obstruction

Fibrinopurulent exudate
Perforation
Abscess

21
Q

What are some possible causes of lower GI bleeds?

A 
Diverticular disease
Haemorrhoids
Angiodysplasia
Neoplasia (carcinoma/polyps)
Ischaemic colitis
Radiation enteropathy
Proctitis
IBD
22
Q

What is ischaemic colitis?

A

Blood supply to colon is disrupted
Crampy abdominal pain
Usually self limiting

GI System (20 decks)

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